In this paper the FPGA implementations for four stream ciphers are presented. The two stream ciphers, MUGI and SNOW 2.0 are recently adopted by the International Organization for Standardization ISO/IEC 18033-4:2005 standard. The other two stream ciphers, MICKEY 128 and TRIVIUM have been submitted and are under consideration for the eSTREAM, the ECRYPT (European Network of Excellence for Crypto...

In this paper, we propose a unified architecture adapted to the field of embedded systems which combines commonly used hash algorithms in a single design in order to reduce area requirements and optimize the maximum frequency. We present an implementation of three hash functions: MD5 [8], SHA-1 [9] and SHA-2 [10]. Many similarities exist between these algorithms which help us to move towards a ...

Programming patterns for sequential file access in the .NET Framework are described and the performance is measured. The default behavior provides excellent performance on a single disk – 50 MBps both reading and writing. Using large request sizes and doing file pre-allocation when possible have quantifiable benefits. When one considers disk arrays, .NET unbuffered IO delivers 800 MBps on a 16-...

The forward–backward (FB, also known as the MAP or BCJR) detection algorithm provides “soft” reliability estimates for each bit that it decodes. This paper presents a VLSI architecture for soft-output forward–backward detection of Class-IV partial response signaling (PR4) used in magnetic recording. A difference metric version of the FB algorithm is derived. A novel lowcomplexity architecture i...

Intra-body transmission, which uses human body as part of the transmission medium is one of the promising data transmission methods for constructing Personal Area Network (PAN) or Body Area Network (BAN). Since signal propagates mainly through the human body, power consumption is smaller and transmission is less susceptive to eavesdropping. One of the difficulties in intra-body transmission is ...

The hybrid visible light communication/radio frequency (VLC/RF) transmission system could offer consistent coverage and high throughput, which are inherited from the VLC RF link components separately. However, almost all current VLC/RF schemes limited in scenarios adopting emitting diodes (LED) sources with basic Lambertian optical beams, fail to investigate using distinct non-Lambertian beams....

BACKGROUND Hypertensive patients usually have a blunted nocturnal decrease, or even increase, in blood pressure during sleep. There is also a tendency for increased occurrence of cardiovascular events between 6 and 12 am due to increased morning blood pressure surge (MBPS). Co-occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hypertension is also a common problem. Hyperuricemia might trigger the deve...