In this paper we study ways in which link data may be recovered from the B-graph G of an alternating link diagram D of link L. In particular we find explicitly the coefficients of the three-variable backet (Kauffman square bracket) of D in terms of the Tutte polynomial of G. We go on to show how both polynomials capture the twist number of alternating 2-bridge and 3-braid link diagrams. Finally...

Let l > 0 be an integer, and G be a graph without loops. An l-link of G is a walk of length l in which consecutive edges are different. We identify an l-link with its reverse sequence. The l-link graph Ll(G) of G is defined to have vertices the l-links of G, such that two vertices of Ll(G) are adjacent if their corresponding l-links are the initial and final subsequences of an (l + 1)link of G....

A knot is an embedding of S in S, and a link is an embedding of one or more copies of S in S. The number of copies of S is called the number of components of the link. We usually think of a link as made out of string, but we can also think of the link as made up of line segments, which we call sticks, which can connect at any angle, but cannot bend. We would like to know the minimum number of s...

background and objectives : the aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of satureja hortensis and trachyspermum copticum essential oils against different kinds of microorganisms in vitro. material and methods : the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by micro broth dilution assay and analysis of essential oils chemical composition by gc and gc/ms a...

The set of isotopy classes ordered n-component links in the 3-sphere is acted on by symmetric group via permutation components. intrinsic symmetry link, S(L), defined to be elements that preserve type L as an unoriented link. study these groups was initiated 1969, but question whether or not every subgroup arises intrinisic some link has remained open. We provide counterexamples; particular, if...

Given two distinct crossings of a knot or link projection, we consider the question: Under what conditions can we obtain the unlink by changing both crossings simultaneously? More generally, for which simultaneous twistings at the crossings is the genus reduced? Though several examples show that the answer must be complicated, they also suggest the correct necessary conditions on the twisting n...

the purpose of this study was to elucidate some factors affecting the growth of salmonella typhimurium. these factors included carum copticum essential oil (0%, 0.015%, 0.03% and 0.06%), temperature (25 ˚c and 35 ˚c), ph (5, 6 and 7) and inoculum size (103 and 105  cfu ml-1). brain heart infusion broth was used as the growth medium. there were 48 treatment combinations and the experiment was ca...

background: alternaria alternata (aa) is a fungus that has wide range of plant host and can cause diseases in humans and produces a number of mycotoxins. exposure to high numbers of aa spores can trigger severe asthma exacerbations. resistance to antifungal drug has been shown in this species. trachyspermum copticum (ajowan) is an annual herbaceous essential oil )eo) bearing plant . the ripenin...

The present work was designed to study the antioxidant activity and to identify the main active components of the essential oil of ajowan (Trachyspermum copticum) fruit. GC and GC-MS analyses of the essential oil showed the presence of eight compounds. The main constituents of the oil were thymol (43.7%), p-cymene (26.8%), and γ-terpinene (24.9%). The antioxidant and free radical scavenging act...