Abstract Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are less able to respond IL-4 in vivo than from the peritoneal cavity, due a still-unknown factor of lung environment. The aim this study is investigate whether surfactant lipids, which continuously endocytosed by AMs, could influence IL-4-mediated alternative activation and proliferation AMs. To that end, AMs were preincubated with lipids stimulated presence...

The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate whether subjects suffering from acute mountain sickness (AMS) during exposure to high altitude have signs of autonomic dysfunction and 2) to verify whether autonomic variables at low altitude may identify subjects who are prone to develop AMS. Forty-one mountaineers were studied at 4,559-m altitude. AMS was diagnosed using the Lake Louise score, and au...

The notion of recurrence over continuous or dense time, as required for expressing analog and mixed-signal behaviors, is fundamentally different from what offered by the operators SystemVerilog assertions (SVAs). This article introduces formal semantics time provides a methodology runtime verif...