This paper uses Granger causality test techniques to investigate the causal order of the air-sea interactions between the anomalous NAO index and the NCAR/NCEP SST anomalies over the northern hemisphere. Compared to the simple lead/lagged correlation, the Granger causality analysis is generally more reliable since it ensures that any apparent oceanic influence upon the atmosphere is uniquely pr...

[1] We utilize the GISS Global Climate Middle Atmosphere Model and eight different climate change experiments, many of them focused on stratospheric climate forcings, to assess the relative influence of tropospheric and stratospheric climate change on the extratropical circulation indices (Arctic Oscillation, AO; North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO). The experiments are run in two different ways: w...

[1] The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent patterns of atmospheric circulation variability over the Northern hemisphere, yet little is known about its underlying mechanism of phase conversion. Our analysis reveals that the recent decline of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over the Subtropical Atlantic Ocean (SAO) contributes significantly to the enhancement of SAO Sea Sur...

Recent winter warming over Central Europe associated with a positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) strongly influenced the thermal and water column stability properties of deep Lake Constance (zmean 5 101 m). Volumetrically weighted average water temperatures have increased since the 1960s by an average of 0.0178C yr21, and its interannual variability was strongly related to the...

Recent winter warming over Central Europe associated with a positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) strongly influenced the thermal and water column stability properties of deep Lake Constance (zmean 5 101 m). Volumetrically weighted average water temperatures have increased since the 1960s by an average of 0.0178C yr21, and its interannual variability was strongly related to the...

the north atlantic oscillation (nao) is one of the most prominent modes of low-frequency variability over the atlantic basin in the northern hemisphere. in the past decades, the impact of nao has attracted increasing scientific interest because the nao exerts an important impact on the regional climate and weather in the north atlantic region and adjacent continents. of particular interest is t...

The Nao Devils Dortmund have their roots in the teams Microsoft Hellhounds (and therefore part of the German Team), DoH!Bots and BreDoBrothers. The team had a number of successes, such as winning the RoboCup World Championship twice with the GermanTeam (2004 and 2005), winning the RoboCup German Open 2005, the Dutch Open and US Open 2006 with the Microsoft Hellhounds, and winning the Four-Legge...

Abstract Winter (December to March) precipitation is vital the agriculture and water security of Western Himalaya. This largely brought region by extratropical systems, known as western disturbances (WDs), which are embedded in subtropical jet. In this study, using seventy years data, it shown that during positive phases North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) jet significantly more intense than nega...