A combined theoretical and experimental approach has been used to study nanoscale CoFe/Cu/CoFe multilayer films grown by sputter deposition. Such films have applications in sensors that utilize the giant magnetoresistance effect, for example, read heads in high-density information storage devices. Atomistic simulations based on a molecular dynamics approach and an alloy form of the embedded ato...

113Cd-NMR studies have established that vertebrate and invertebrate metallothioneins contain two unique metal-thiolate clusters. However, it proved to be difficult to account theoretically for all features of the 113Cd-NMR spectra. In a reinvestigation of these features using chromatographically homogeneous 113Cd7-metallothionein we have identified a total of seven 113Cd resonances and have con...

In this paper metal-assisted chemical etching has been applied to pattern porous silicon regions and silicon nanohole arrays in submicron period simply by using positive photoresist as a mask layer. In order to define silicon nanostructures, Metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) was carried out with silver catalyst. Provided solution (or materiel) in combination with laser interference lithogr...

As one of the most important polysaccharide, chitosan (CS) has generated a great deal of interest for its desirable properties and wide applications. In the utilization of CS materials, hydrogel is a major and vital branch. CS has the ability to coordinate with many metal ions by a chelation mechanism. While most researchers focused on the applications of complexes between CS and metal ions, th...

Metal carbenes have for a long time been classified as Fischer or Schrock carbenes depending on the oxidation state of the metal. Since the introduction of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes this classification needs to be extended because of the very different electronic character of these ligands. The electronic structure of these different kinds of carbene complexes is analysed and compared to...

The pairand three-proton interaction potentials for metal-phase hydrogen are calculated. Irreducible three-proton interactions are shown to be essential in the development of the metal hydrogen structure. Possible manifestations of the three-ion interactions in the structure of quickly quenched metallic systems are discussed. Existence of amorphous metals is related to manifestations of the thr...

Increasing material’s strength is of particular importance. Improving material’s mechanical properties such as strength could reduce the size and weight of the structure. The size and weight of the structure are among the effective parameters in design. Since the past a variety of methods have been developed to increase the strength of metals that are capable of increasing metals’ strength to a...

Several new and unexpected insights into the metalloenzymology of ribozymes have been achieved in the past year. From a mechanistic point of view, the NMR and crystal structures of a small Pb(2+)-dependent ribozyme have been particularly revealing.

Increasing development of nano-technology in optics and photonics by using modern methods of light control in waveguide devices and requiring miniaturization and electromagnetic devices such as antennas, transmission and storage as well as improvement in the electromagnetic tool, have led researchers to use the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and similar phenomena i...