Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a potent innate immunity system in plants and has been used in rice fields. Development of SAR, involving priming, is achieved by activation of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated pathway. To determine whether heat shock (HS) treatment can induce SAR, we analyzed the effects of HS on Arabidopsis. HS treatment induced disease resistance, expression of SAR marker ge...

AIMS Sarcalumenin (SAR) is a Ca(2+)-binding protein expressed in the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of striated muscle cells. Although its Ca(2+)-binding property is similar to that of calsequestrin, its role in the regulation of Ca(2+) cycling remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate whether SAR plays an important role in maintaining cardiac function under pressure overl...

To clarify the role of ethylene in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), we conducted experiments using Arabidopsis ethylene response mutants. Plants that are nonresponsive to ethylene (i.e., [theta]tr1 and [theta]in2) showed normal sensitivity to the SAR-inducing chemicals salicylic acid (SA) and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid with respect to SAR gene induction and pathogen resistance. This indic...

Target recognition systems using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data require well-focused target imagery to achieve high probability of correct classification. Techniques for improving the image quality of complex SAR imagery are investigated. The application of phase gradient re-focusing of target imagery having crossrange smearing is shown to significantly improve the target recognition perfo...

Explosive growth in the size of spatial databases has highlighted the need for spatial data mining techniques to mine the interesting but implicit spatial patterns within these large databases. This thesis deals with reducing the computational complexity of the exact and approximate spatial autoregression (SAR) model solutions. Estimation of the parameters of the SAR model using Maximum Likelih...

Genome-wide microarray analyses revealed that during biological activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis, the transcript levels of several hundred plant genes were consistently up- (SAR(+) genes) or down-regulated (SAR(-) genes) in systemic, non-inoculated leaf tissue. This transcriptional reprogramming fully depended on the SAR regulator FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE1 (...

The main focus of this paper is to present application results obtained form airborne campaigns in preparation to future European and International space borne SAR missions that were performed in the last 3 years with the DLR’s multi-mode Experimental SAR (E-SAR) system. During the last decade airborne repeat-pass SAR interferometry has become the most demanded technique for the development of ...