INTRODUCTION In our previous study, we found that negatively charged gold nanoparticles with spermidine have the potential of blocking inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir), both at the cellular and the tissue level. METHODS For the purpose of the present study, we purified the cytoplasmic domain of the Kir 3.1 receptor from Escherichia coli. Using single particles with surface coating...

Aim. To analyze the frequency and distribution of KIR genotypes in women with recurrent implantation failure after cycles vitro fertilization. Methods. DNA extraction purification, PCR-SSP, agarose gel electrophoresis. Results. The spectrum genes were determined. study group was divided according to history, particular, a 84 whose diagnosis outlined by concept "repeated failed implantations" si...

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells are killer lymphocytes that provide defense against viral infections and tumor transformation. Analogous to that of CTL, interactions of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) with specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands calibrate NK cell education and response. Gene families encoding KIRs and HLA ligands are lo...

Peripheral natural killer (NK) cells upregulate T-bet and downregulate Eomes, the key transcription factors regulating NK cell maturation and function during the last maturation steps toward terminally differentiated effector cells. During this process, NK cells acquire killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and effector functions, such as cytotoxicity and target cell-induced cytokine produ...

The physiological functions of natural killer (NK) cells in human immunity and reproduction depend upon diverse interactions between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their HLA class I ligands: HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. The genomic regions containing the KIR and HLA class I genes are unlinked, structurally complex, and highly polymorphic. They are also strongly associated with...

Natural killer (NK) cells have important functions in immunity. NK recognition in mammals can be mediated through killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and/or killer cell lectin-like Ly49 receptors. Genes encoding highly variable NK cell receptors (NKR) represent rapidly evolving genomic regions. No single conservative model of NKR genes was observed in mammals. Single-copy low polymo...

Interactions between HLA class I molecules and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) control natural killer cell (NK) functions in immunity and reproduction. Encoded by genes on different chromosomes, these polymorphic ligands and receptors correlate highly with disease resistance and susceptibility. Although studied at low-resolution in many populations, high-resolution analysis of c...

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 protein modulates signaling by IFN-gamma by binding to the autophosphorylation site of JAK2 and by targeting bound JAK2 to the proteosome for degradation. We have developed a small tyrosine kinase inhibitor peptide (Tkip) that is a SOCS-1 mimetic. Tkip is compared in this study with the kinase inhibitory region (KIR) of SOCS-1 for JAK2 recognition, inhi...

background: natural killer (nk) cells are the effector cells of innate immunity that respond to infection and tumor. interactions between killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (kir) and human leukocyte antigen (hla) class i molecules regulate nk cells responses to eliminate infected and transformed cells. objective: to investigate the impact of kir genes, hla ligand genes, and kir-hla combi...