The ventral premotor area (F5) is part of the cortical circuit controlling visuomotor grasp. F5 could influence hand motor function through at least two pathways: corticospinal projections and corticocortical projections to primary motor cortex (M1). We found that stimulation of macaque F5, which by itself evoked little or no detectable corticospinal output, could produce a robust modulation of...

Streptococcus pyogenes of the M1 serotype can cause STSS, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of NFAT signaling in M1 protein-induced lung injury. NFAT-luc mice were treated with the NFAT inhibitor A-285222 before administration of the M1 protein. Neutrophil infiltration, edema, and CXC chemokines were quantified...

OBJECTIVE This study proposes more objective methods for deciding the appropriate direction of the sylvian fissure dissection during surgical clipping in middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysms. METHODS We reviewed data of 36 consecutive patients with MCA bifurcation aneurysms. We measured 2 indices preoperatively on 3-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA). Analysis ...

BACKGROUND Postsynaptic cholinergic deficits, including reduced cortical muscarinic M1 receptor coupling to G-proteins, are neurochemical findings postulated to underlie the limited efficacy of presynaptically-targeted cholinergic replacement therapies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the loss of M1-G-protein coupling has been associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) burden in AD, the status of M1 coup...

The Nef-M1 peptide competes effectively with the natural ligand of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha, to induce apoptosis and inhibit growth in colon cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC). Its role in tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation, key steps involved in tumor growth and metastasis, are unknown. We evaluated the an...

A graph G is k-linked if G has at least 2k vertices, and for every sequence x1, x2, . . . , xk, y1, y2, . . . , yk of distinct vertices, G contains k vertex-disjoint paths P1, P2, . . . , Pk such that Pi joins xi and yi for i = 1, 2, . . . , k. Moreover, the above defined k-linked graphG is k-linked modulo (m1,m2, . . . ,mk) if, in addition, for any ktuple (d1, d2, . . . , dk) of natural number...

Background: Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome p450 in humans are the main cause of differences in the metabolism. The allele and genotype frequencies of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 have been studied in some Iranian populations. The aim of present study was to examine the frequencies of CYP2C18m1, and CYP2C18m2, alleles in the Mazandarani ethnic group among Iranian Population. Materials and Methods: I...

The Merci retrieval system is a useful modality for the recanalization of acute cerebral artery occlusion. However, it remains unclear whether the tortuosity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) plays a role in successful recanalization. In this study, we investigated the association between the shape of the horizontal MCA segment (M1) and successful recanalization using the Merci retrieval syst...

How is muscle force modulated during hand exercise? Oxygenation in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) has been observed to vary considerably across trials of repetitive handgrip exercise. No linear relationship was observed between the average value of oxygenation determined by a block design study and the force of the handgrip. We found reduced oxygenation in the ipsilateral M1 and un...