1 Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China 2 Scientific Computing Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai 200234, China 3 Department of Mathematics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India 4 Department of Finance, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan 5 Department of Applied Mathematics, National Sun Yat-Sen University,...

a Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C. b Department of Commerce Automation and Management, National Pingtung Institute of Commerce, 51, Minsheng E. Rd., Pingtung City 90004, Taiwan, R.O.C. c Department of Finance, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lienhai Rd. Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C. d Long Bon Development...

In the framework of ethical social choice theory, sustainability is justified by Efficiency and Equity as ethical axioms. These axioms correspond to the Suppes-Sen Grading principle. In technologies that are productive in a certain sense, the set of Suppes-Sen maximal utility paths is shown to equal the set of non-decreasing and efficient paths. Since any such path is sustainable, Efficiency an...