The use of intranasal oxytocin (OT) in research has become increasingly important over the past decade. Although researchers have acknowledged a need for further investigation of the physiological effects of intranasal administration, few studies have actually done so. In the present double-blind cross-over study we investigated the longevity of a single 24 IU dose of intranasal OT measured in ...

Oxytocin (OT) emerges as a drug for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. The entire OT system is synthesized in the rat and human heart. The direct myocardial infusion with OT into an ischemic or failing heart has the potential to elicit a variety of cardioprotective effects. OT treatment attenuates cardiomyocyte (CMs) death induced by ischemia-reperfusion by activating pro-survival pathways ...

Although previous studies have revealed the role of oxytocin (OT) in parental behavior, the role of OT has not been investigated through the direct assessment of prefrontal brain activation during parenting. By using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we aimed to show the relationship between parental [maternal (N = 15) and paternal (N = 21)] OT levels and the activation of the prefrontal c...

The functional characteristics of binding sites for the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) detected by radioautography in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn (DH) and on cultured neonatal DH neurons were studied on the latter using perforated patch-clamp recordings. The neurons were identified by their spike discharge properties and on the basis of the presence of met-enkephalin-like and glutamate deca...

The onset of acute myocardial ischemia (MI) is accompanied by a rapid increase in electrical instability and often fatal ventricular arrhythmias. This study investigated that whether oxytocin (OT) can modulate ischemia-induced arrhythmias and considered relationships between the severity of arrhythmia and the electrocardiogram parameters during ischemia. OT (0.0001-1 μg) was administrated intra...

Oxytocin (OT) in the central nervous system (CNS) influences social cognition and behavior, making it a candidate for treating clinical disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Intranasal administration has been proposed as a possible route of delivery to the CNS for molecules like OT. While intranasal administration of OT influences social cognition and behavior, it is not well established ...

During parturition and lactation, neurosecretory oxytocin (OT) neurons in the hypothalamus achieve pulsatile hormone secretion by coordinated bursts of firing that occur throughout the neuronal population. This activity is partly controlled by somatodendritic release of OT, which facilitates the onset and recurrence of synchronized bursting. To further investigate the cellular mechanisms underl...

Cardiac output (CO) and regional blood flow to various tissue were measured by means of gamma-labeled plastic microspheres (15 +/- 3 micrometers) injected into the left ventricle during 30-min infusion of l-norepinephrine (NE:4 micrograms(kg.min)) or the same amount of saline (11 microliters/min per animal) in rats physically trained by 2-hr swimming in water of 32 (SW-32), 36 (SW-36), and 38 d...

This study compared the effects of centrally administered oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) on partner preference formation and social contact in male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). After 1 hr of cohabitation and pretreatment with either AVP or OT, both males and females exhibited increased social contact and significant preference for the familiar partner. After pr...

An efficient scheme is proposed which achieves the oblivious transfer with probabilistic receipt, α-OT, approximately for 0 < α < 1. The proposed scheme approximates α-OT with 2−i-OT for i = 1, 2, . . . , k. It implements γ-OT for some γ such that (α − 2−k)/(1 − 2−k) < γ ≤ α with − log(1 − α) invocations of 2−1-OT and at most 2 invocations of 2−i-OT for each i = 2, . . . , k. These invocations ...