This study tries to answer the question, “has macroeconomic instability detrimental impact on gross domestic product of Pakistan over the period of 1980 to 2012?” For reviewing macroeconomic instability a comprehensive macroeconomic instability index is constructed by incorporating inflation rate, unemployment rate, trade deficit and budget deficit. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model h...

This paper aims to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables on economic growth after Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Pakistan. In doing so, study utilizes the quarterly time series data from 1990 to 2007. Advanced Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) approach has been employed for co-integration and error correction model (ECM) for short-run results in the case of Pakista...

This study attempts to examine the impact of financial sector reforms (proxied by interest rate liberalisation) on private investment in Malawi, using the ARDL bounds testing approach. The study is motivated by the conflicting results that have been reported in the literature in recent years on the efficacy of interest rate liberalisation in developing countries. The study seeks to answer one c...

This study analyses the relationship between the development of tourism industry (ARR) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in selected Asian countries namely Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, China and Hong Kong utilizing autoregresive distributed lag approach (ARDL.) This approach allows the usage of stationary data at various levels, i.e. I(1) and I(0) and may be applied on small sample size and...

This paper examines the causality between income inequality and crime in Malaysia for the period 1973-2003. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure is employed to (1) analyze the impact of income inequality on various categories of criminal activities as well as to (2) analyze the impact of various categories of criminal activities on income inequality. Interestingly our ...

Bu araştırmada Türkiye'de 1964-2018 yılları arası turizm gelirleri ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Ekonomik ile bağlantıyı irdeleyen sayıca birçok araştırma olmasına rağmen, literatürde bu ilişkiyi dönemsel olarak inceleyen çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. bağlamda, ilişkisinin verilen tarih aralığında Türkiye’de değişip değişmediğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır....

Whether better infrastructure influences Chinese export sophistication (ES) and diversification (ED) is an important question, which surprisingly remains unaddressed. The current study contributes to the ES ED literature by capturing symmetric asymmetric effect of on ED. We employ a robust dynamically simulated autoregressive distributed lag (DYS-ARDL) dynamic method, extended version NARDL ARD...