Private social welfare expenditures were $680.7 billion in calendar year 1990. Viewed as a share of gross national product (GNP), private expenditures were 12.3 percent for calendar year 1990, while public expenditures for fiscal year 1990 were 19.1 percent of GNP (table 1). The private social welfare expenditure series was developed by the Social Security Administration (SSA) in 1955, with pro...

From News at the "Fields" (Feb. 1973) comes word that Mr. Yasutaro Goto, for many years the president of the Japan Leprosy Mission, passed away. As a young man he came under the influence of Dr. Kagawa and Dr. Mitsuda, two great Christian leaders. Out of this association came Mr. Goto's own Christian commitment and the development of the Japan Leprosy Mission which serves the spiritual and soci...

This paper deals with the heterogeneous employment outcome at the plant level in Swedish manufacturing over the period 1972-96. Non-negligible gross flows of jobs is found to be a pronounced feature in Swedish manufacturing, but as compared to results on U.S. data, the average pace of job reallocation has not been as high. However, masked behind low averages are periods of largescale job reallo...