A signal of opportunity (SOP)-aided inertial navigation system (INS) framework is presented and studied. The following problem is studied. A mobile receiver with access to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals is aiding its onboard INS with GNSS pseudoranges. While navigating, the receiver draws pseudorange observations on ambient unknown terrestrial SOPs and estimates the SOPs’ sta...

Future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) like GALILEO or the modernised GPS will support “Safety of Life” (SoL) applications by the self-monitoring of the GNSS performance and by the provision of integrity information in dedicated services. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO A.915(22)) requires horizontal positioning accuracies better than 10 m in oceanic and coastal areas. I...

GNSS-controlled photogrammetry is a mature technology that has found near universal acceptance in the aerial mapping community. The current strategy for integrating photogrammetric and GNSS data is to first process the GNSS data using a stand-alone kinematic Kalman filter processor, and then to use the resulting positions as parameter observations in a photogrammetric bundle adjustment. The uti...

In the field of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) attitude determination, the constraints usually play a critical role in resolving the unknown ambiguities quickly and correctly. Many constraints such as the baseline length, the geometry of multi-baselines and the horizontal attitude angles have been used extensively to improve the performance of ambiguity resolution. In the GNSS/Inerti...

Observing the Earth surface with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) reflected signals has become a noteworthy remote sensing technique for the scientific community. The growing interest in GNSS as a remote sensing tool is due to its global availability and the carrier frequencies used. In fact, L-band, in which all current and next-future Global Navigation Satellite Systems emit, is a p...

A continuous monitoring of sea level changes is important for human society since more than 50% of the world’s population live within 60 km of the coast. Sea level is traditionally observed with tide gauges that give measurements relative to the Earth’s crust. To improve the understanding of sea level changes it is necessary to perform measurements with respect to the Earth’s center of gravity....

When interpreting GNSS observations of ionospheric scintillation, it is instructive to distinguish between the separate goals of characterizing the GNSS signal fluctuations and characterizing the disturbed ionospheric medium that produces the scintillations. The statistics of GNSS signal fluctuations are of primary interest for GNSS tracking loop analysis and design studies intended to quantify...

GNSS Attitude Determination is a valuable technique for the estimation of platform orientation. To achieve high accuracies on the angular estimations, the GNSS carrier phase data has to be used. These data are known to be affected by integer ambiguities, which must be correctly resolved in order to exploit the higher precision of the phase observables with respect to the GNSS code data. For a s...

Triple-frequency GNSS has been intensively studying in the past decades, especially with the open service of China’s BeiDou system. In this review, we will address the ambiguity resolution, benefits gained from additional frequency signals compared to the dual-frequency GNSS signals, as well as analyse the challenges of triple-frequency GNSS for future development. We first review and compare t...

There are some fundamental limitations on positioning accuracy using satellite navigation technique. Several sources of errors limit the accuracy of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning. The errors due to the earth’s atmosphere have the largest value and must be significantly reduced in order to achieve more precise positioning results. The GNSS-based determination of the posit...