Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may be studied by molecular or immunological approaches. Most analyses have been performed by genetic comparison of isolates and have led to the definition of clades or subtypes within the major (M) group of HIV-1. Five subtypes (A to E) were initially identified by comparison of genomic sequences. Four new subtypes (F to I) were identified more recen...

1. Two independent but neighbouring visual areas, V3 and V3A, sharing a common cytoarchitectural plan, but in each one of which the visual fields are separately represented, have been studied anatomically, functionally, and in combined anatomico-physiological experiments. 2. The properties of single cells in the two areas are so similar, judged by the techniques used in this study, that it is o...

This is a brief description of a new program for drawing protein interactions in three-dimensional space. Our program divides nodes into three groups: biconnected subgraph in the center, terminal nodes at the outermost region, and the rest in between them. Experimental results show that the program efficiently generates a clear and aesthetically pleasing drawing of large-scale protein interacti...

A bipartite graph G = (V1 ∪ V2, E) is (δ, d)-regular if ̨̨ d− d(V ′ 1 , V ′ 2 ) ̨̨ < δ whenever V ′ i ⊂ Vi, |V ′ i | ≥ δ|Vi|, i = 1, 2.Here, d(V ′ 1 , V ′ 2 ) = e(V ′ 1 , V ′ 2 )/|V ′ 1 ||V ′ 2 | stands for the density of the pair (V ′ 1 , V ′ 2 ). An easy counting argument shows that if G = (V1 ∪ V2 ∪ V3, E) is a 3-partite graph whose restrictions on V1 ∪V2, V1 ∪V3, V2 ∪V3 are (δ, d)regular, then ...

BACKGROUND Because left upper division resection is similar to right upper lobectomy, this procedure is frequently employed. Few studies have used the anatomic courses of veins evaluated on preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging to determine what types of patients are at the highest risk for hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction. CASE We describe our experience with a patient in whom hemorr...

The third variable region (V3) of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 plays a key role in determination of viral coreceptor usage (tropism). However, which combinations of mutations in V3 confer a tropism shift is still unclear. A unique pattern of mutations in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1 patient was observed associated with the HIV-1 tropism shift CCR5 to CXCR4. The insertion of arginine ...

The RDP Classifier is a widely used bioinformatic program that performs taxonomic classification of 16S rRNA gene sequences. However, the accuracy of the program is not clear when it is applied to common PCR products of the 16S rRNA variable regions, which are heavily used in microbiome projects. In this study, fulllength 16S rRNA gene alignments from the SILVA database were used to simulate th...

The release of GENIE v3.0.0 was a major milestone in the long history project, delivering several alternative comprehensive neutrino interaction models, improved charged-lepton scattering simulations, range beyond Standard Model simulation capabilities, experimental interfaces, expanded core framework and advanced new frameworks for global analysis data tuning models. Steady progress continued ...

The virescent3 (v3) and stripe1 (st1) mutants in rice (Oryza sativa) produce chlorotic leaves in a growth stage-dependent manner under field conditions. They are temperature-conditional mutants that produce bleached leaves at a constant 20 degrees C or 30 degrees C but almost green leaves under diurnal 30 degrees C/20 degrees C conditions. Here, we show V3 and St1, which encode the large and sm...