In the next few years GPS will start broadcasting civil signals suitable for aviation use on both the L1 and L5 frequencies. In addition, Galileo and other constellations will offer an even greater number of dual frequency ranging measurements. The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) and the other Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs) can also be updated to exploit these new signals. Su...

The original protection level equations for SBAS assumed that all actual error distributions could be easily overbounded by zero-mean gaussian distributions. However, several error sources have since been found that could lead to significant biases for specific users. The expectation is that over long periods of time and all users, the aggregate errors should have a very small mean. However, ce...

Several L1 and L5 capable satellites are already on orbit and many more are launching soon. The operators of the various Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs) are actively investigating incorporating the new constellations and new signals. We have recently proposed new messages for broadcast on L5. These messages are intended for use in the Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS...

Space-based augmentation system (SBAS) provides correction information for improving the global navigation satellite (GNSS) positioning accuracy in real-time, which includes orbit/clock and ionospheric delay corrections. At SBAS service area boundaries, is not fully available to GNSS users only a partial available, mostly information. By using geospatial correlation property of ionosphere infor...

Shenzhen, the first special economic zone of China, has witnessed earth-shaking changes since the late 1980s. In the past 35 years, about 80 km2 of land has been reclaimed from the sea in Shenzhen. In order to investigate coastal vertical land motions associated with land reclamation, we proposed an elaborated Point Target (PT) based Small Baseline Subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) strategy to process ...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein assembles viral pre-genomic (pg) RNA and DNA polymerase into nucleocapsids for reverse transcriptional DNA replication to take place. Several chemotypes of small molecules, including heteroaryldihydropyrimidines (HAPs) and sulfamoylbenzamides (SBAs), have been discovered to allosterically modulate core protein structure and consequentially alter the kinetics...

Objective The graduates of the diploma and degree programmes of nursing and midwifery in India are considered skilled birth attendants (SBAs). This paper aimed to assess the confidence of final-year students from pre-service education programmes (diploma and bachelor's) in selected midwifery skills from the list of midwifery competencies of the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM). Des...