Constitutive cell surface receptor kinase signaling and persistent phosphorylation/inactivation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) family of proteins (pRb, p107 and p130, known as pocket proteins) have been implicated in conferring uncontrolled growth to melanoma cells. However, the signals linking receptor kinase activity to neutralization of pocket proteins have not yet been fully elucidated. We the...

BACKGROUND The Retinoblastoma protein (pRB) is a key tumor suppressor that is functionally inactivated in most cancers. pRB regulates the cell division cycle and cell cycle exit through protein-protein interactions mediated by its multiple binding interfaces. The LXCXE binding cleft region of pRB mediates interactions with cellular proteins that have chromatin regulatory functions. Chromatin re...

Sinorhizobium meliloti uses proline betaine (PB) as an osmoprotectant when osmotically stressed and as an energy source in low-osmolarity environments. To fulfill this dual function, two separate PB transporters, BetS and Hut, that contribute to PB uptake at high and low osmolarity, respectively, have been previously identified. Here, we characterized a novel transport system that mediates the ...

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate specific bleeding volume after percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) and the correlation between bleeding volume and clinical parameters. Methods: A retrospective study of 252 consecutive patients (153 male patients and 99 female patients) who underwent PRB at the Department of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, between July 2013 a...

Progesterone receptors (PR) are prognostic and predictive biomarkers in hormone-dependent cancers. Two main PR isoforms have been described, PRB and PRA, that differ only in that PRB has 164 extra N-terminal amino acids. It has been reported that several antibodies empirically exclusively recognize PRA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. To confirm these findings, we used human ...

Progesterone receptor (PR) and progestins affect mammary tumorigenesis; however, the relative contributions of PR isoforms A and B (PRA and PRB, respectively) in cancer cell migration remains elusive. By using a bi-inducible MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line expressing PRA and/or PRB, we analyzed the effect of conditional PR isoform expression. Surprisingly, unliganded PRB but not PRA strongly...

Iron-based amorphous crystalline powder Fe78Si9B13AP is used as a permeability reaction barrier (PRB) combined with an electrokinetic method (EK-PRB) to study the removal rate of Cu in contaminated soil. After treating Cucontaminated soil for 5 days under different voltage gradients and water content, pH between 3.1 7.2. The increase gradient content ...

Activation of oncoproteins and inactivation of tumor suppressors induces tumorigenesis. When these events happen upstream of pRb and p53, cancer therapies may initially succeed and then fail when pRb and p53 are activated and then re-inactivated. Therapies might succeed if they remain effective when pRb and p53 are genetically inactivated.

Progesterone action is mediated by its binding to specific receptors. Two progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms (PRA and PRB), three membrane progesterone receptor (mPR) subtypes (mPRalpha, mPRbeta and mPRgamma) and at least one progesterone membrane-binding protein [PR membrane component 1 (PRmc1)] have been identified in reproductive tissues and brain of various species. In the present study, w...

Loss of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) induces a cell-nonautonomous defect in both erythroid and neuronal differentiation. It has previously been thought that this reflects a requirement for pRb function in cells that normally support erythropoiesis and neurogenesis, rather than in the erythrocytes or neurons themselves. However, recent studies have challenged this interpretation, and it appe...