The tip of the root is covered by a thimble-shaped root cap that is the site of perception and transduction for many environmental stimuli. Until now, little was known about how the root cap of rice (Oryza sativa) develops and functions to regulate the adaptive behavior of the root. To address this, we examined the formation of the rice root cap during embryogenesis and characterized the anatom...

The tip of the root is covered by a thimble-shaped root cap that is the site of perception and transduction for many environmental stimuli. Until now, little was known about how the root cap of rice (Oryza sativa) develops and functions to regulate the adaptive behavior of the root. To address this, we examined the formation of the rice root cap during embryogenesis and characterized the anatom...

Background Aspiration community-acquired pneumonia (ACAP) and (CAP) in patients with aspiration risk factors (AspRFs) are infections associated anaerobes, but limited evidence suggests their pathogenic role. Research Question What the factors, microbiology patterns, empiric anti-anaerobic use hospitalized CAP? Study Design Methods This is a secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multice...

Although the central terminals of cranial visceral afferents express vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1), little is known about their functional properties at this first synapse within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Here, we examined whether VR1 modulates afferent synaptic transmission. In horizontal brainstem slices, solitary tract (ST) activation evoked EPSCs. Monosynaptic EPSCs had low synapti...

INTRODUCTION Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requires prompt treatment, but its diagnosis is complex. Improvement of bacterial CAP diagnosis by biomarkers has been evaluated using chest X-ray infiltrate as the CAP gold standard, producing conflicting results. We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers in suspected CAP adults visiting emergency departments for whom CAP diagnosis was es...

Class II CAP-dependent promoters, interacting with the RNAP ␣ subunit C-terminal domain (␣CTD) and facilitat-At Class I CAP-dependent promoters, interaction between the activating region and ␣CTD (and concomitant St. Louis, Missouri 63104 recruitment of RNAP to promoter DNA) appears to be the entire basis of transcription activation. Thus, at Class Summary I CAP-dependent promoters, removal of ...

Most cellular and eukaryotic viral mRNAs have a cap structure at their 5' end that is critical for efficient translation. Cap structures also aid in mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm and, in addition, protect the mRNAs from degradation by 5' exonucleases. Cap function is mediated by cap-binding proteins that play a key role in translational control. Recent structural studies on the cellu...

BACKGROUND Recent evidence demonstrates increased short-term risk of cardiac complications and respiratory failure among patients with heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively, concurrent with an episode of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We evaluated patients with pre-existing HF or COPD, beginning 30 days after CAP diagnosis, to determine if CAP ha...

The 2016 American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA) guidelines removed the concept of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). We examined whether the 2016 ATS/IDSA guidelines are applicable in Korea.We conducted a retrospective, observational study of pneumonia patients who were hospitalized at a tertiary teaching hospital from March 2012 to February 2014. I...