A new heterogeneous catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) system, consisting of a non-flammable supported Au catalyst along with 2-propanol as the hydrogen donor, was proven to be effective for chemoselective reduction of a wide range of aromatic ketones and aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols.

Used frying oil recovered from food manufacturing companies in Japan and recycled often shows lower carbonyl (COV) and peroxide values (POV) than oil simply heated at 180 degrees C for 20 h does. In this study the reasons for the low COV of oil used for deep-frying were investigated by employing model experiments and actual commercial frying. The results suggested that in actual frying, the fac...

The title compound, [Cu(C(2)O(4))(2)(C(6)H(14)NO)(2)], was synthesized by mixing diacetonamine hydrogen oxalate and copper sulfate in ethanol/water. The mol-ecule is centrosymmetric, so two pairs of equivalent ligands lie trans to each other. The Cu(II) center, located on a position with 2/m site symmetry, is six-coordinated by four O atoms from two oxalate ligands at short distances and the ca...

In this study, we combined different physico-chemical methods to show the effect of overheating on the quality of golden fry cooking oil. Those methods include spectroscopic methods such us 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FTIR. Results showed that both overheating and excessive reuse of golden fry cooking oil seriously affected its quality by increasing its density, viscosity and different indexes like ref...

In this study, a set of frying oil samples of different compositional properties but passed qualitative and quantitative standards, which were of various vegetable oil sources (individually or as blends), were obtained from seven of big oil factories in Iran. Before starting the frying process, all the frying oils had carbonyl values (CV) higher than 2 micromol g(-1). The CV of most frying oils...

18.1 Enolate Ions and Enols We described in Chapters 13 and 16 that the C=O group of carbonyl compounds is reactive to attack by both nucleophiles (N:) and electrophiles (E+). We also saw in Chapter 13 that the C=O group causes Hs attached to its α-C (H-Cα-C=O) to be unusually acidic. As a result, these α-CH's are removed by bases giving enolate ions (-:Cα-C=O) Figure 18.01) that can react as n...

A flexible diastereoselective approach to trans-(3S)-hydroxyprolinol derivatives is described, which is based on the samarium diiodide-mediated reductive coupling of the chiral 1-pyrroline N-oxide (nitrone)(S)-10 with carbonyl compounds. The reductive hydroxyalkylation of nitrone 10 with ketones and aromatic aldehydes is highly diastereoselective in establishing the C-2 chiral center of the pyr...

Rhenium complex, [ReBr(CO)3(thf)]2-catalyzed reactions between aromatic imines and either acetylenes or α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds gave indene derivatives in good to excellent yields. These reactions proceed via C–H bond activation, insertion of acetylenes or α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization, and reductive elimination. Indene derivatives were a...

The recently discovered novel concept of self-terminating, oxidative radical cyclizations, through which alkynes can be converted into carbonyl compounds under very mild reaction conditions using O-centered inorganic and organic radicals as oxidants, is described.

An easily-accessible neutral scandium complex Sc[OC(CH3)2CH2PPh2][O-2,6-tBu2-C6H3]2[THF] behaves as a reactive Sc/P frustrated Lewis pair, which when added to organic and inorganic substrates e.g. carbonyl compounds, transition-metal chlorides, and diazoalkane compounds, yields unique and intriguing addition products such as a Sc/Rh heterobimetallic complex and a Sc phosphazine complex.