In a marsh-breeding population of red-winged blackbirds, the sex ratio of offspring that survived to leave the nest varied with maternal age. Old mothers produced an excess of male fledglings, middle-aged mothers produced almost equal proportions of males and females, and young mothers produced nearly twice as many females as males. More males than females hatched from the eggs of old mothers, ...

The neonatal period in humans and in most mammals is characterized by intense mother-young interactions favoring pair bonding and the adaptation of neonates to their new environment. However, in many post-delivery procedures, human babies commonly experience combined maternal separation and intense handling for about one hour post-birth. Currently, the effects of such disturbances on later atta...

BACKGROUND There is a shift worldwide towards a diet that is high in processed foods and low in fiber, leading to a corresponding increase in degenerative diseases. These diseases are interrelated with lifestyles and especially with diets. The aim of this study was to investigate the eating habit differences between two generations of mothers and daughters and their tendency towards modern food...

In a biological market, individuals seek to maximize their benefits by trading social commodities with the partner offering the highest value. When demand for a partner or commodity is greater than supply, individuals compete for access to the preferred partner by raising the price they are willing to pay. In primates, this model has been used to explain the pattern of grooming between mothers ...

Child abuse is perpetrated mainly by mothers of young children as a results of interaction of their own deficient personalities, ambient circumstances, and problems innate in the children. Abuse situations require assessment and handling of legal, medical, social and psychiatric aspects for the mother, the child, and the father.

the extensive research done on the interrelationship between different social factors such as social class, gender and age and different linguistic variables has shown that these factors have important effects on the way language is used. among these factors a special importance can be placed on age due to the role it plays in revealing different patterns of language use, such as the age-gradin...