to our knowledge, bilateral supernumerary kidney is a very rare renal abnormality and there are five cases presented in the literature. it is difficult to diagnose supernumerary kidney and clinicians have not detected most cases preoperatively. laboratory and imaging studies were acquired and carefully examined. the normal laboratory tests were found. emergency ultrasonography was performed and...

In the literature, frost hardiness (FH) studies in trees have often been restricted to one organ (buds, leaves, needles or twigs). To extend our knowledge and gain a unified view, FH differences between organs and tissues or throughout the life of the tree have to be characterized in relation to physiological changes. In this study, different organs and tissues of young potted and mature orchar...

The external morphology of the heads of adult male and female Cixiopsis punctatus (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae) was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Eleven types of sensilla or sensory organs were identified: trichoid sensilla on the pedicel, scape, maxillae, and labium; campaniform sensilla on the antennal pedicel, antennal scape, maxillae, and labium; plate ...

Cells communicate with each other through molecular messengers, the hormones. The simple definition of a hormone as an intercellular messenger is much more inclusive than the original one, which limited the hormones to substances produced by specialized multicellular organs —the glands—that circulated in blood and acted on distant target organs. This simplification allowed single cells to be co...