In order to reduce the energy losses caused by shadow lines, three options are investigated. These are: 1. the use of two types of diodes; 2. the use of an ”ideal” diode based an active bypass by using MOS-FET’s [4] and 3. parallel switching of a number of cells between two shadow lines. The first method can reduce the voltage losses of the diode to about 300mV when oversized Schottky diodes ar...

Abstract Crop diseases cause enormous yield losses and threaten global food security. Deployment of resistant cultivars can effectively control the disease to minimize crop losses. However, high level genetic immunity was often accompanied by an undesired reduction in growth yield. Recently, literatures have been rapidly emerged understanding mechanism resistance development genes plants. To de...

The approach developed by Fuhrer in 1995 to estimate wheat yield losses induced by ozone and modulated by the soil water content (SWC) was applied to the data on Catalonian wheat yields. The aim of our work was to apply this approach and adjust it to Mediterranean environmental conditions by means of the necessary corrections. The main objective pursued was to prove the importance of soil water...

A experiment was lay out in order to evaluate the effects  of different biofertilizers on yield and yield components of maize at the Lorestan provience, Iran. The experiment was a factorial design with three replications. Treatments were three nitrogen biofrtilizers (Nitrokara (N1), O4 (N2), O6 (N3) and control (N4)) and three phosphate biofrtilizers ...

in order to study the effects of irrigation levels on growth criteria, yield components and seed yield of four ecotypes of sesame (sesamum indicum l.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the agricultural research station, ferdowsi university of mashhad, during growing season 2010-2011. three irrigation levels (200...