Simple cost-effective bacterins are the earliest and most successfully used commercial vaccines in fish. In particular, those prepared from Yersinia ruckeri have proven effective at controlling Enteric Red Mouth Disease (ERM) and yersiniosis in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, respectively. However, the emergence of outbreaks of ERM caused by atypical biotypes of Y. ruckeri and reports of vac...

Surveillance of bacterial susceptibility to five antimicrobial agents was performed during a 1-year period in and around four freshwater fish farms situated along a stream in western Denmark. Besides assessing the levels of antibiotic resistance among the culturable fraction of microorganisms in fish, water, and sediment samples, two major fish pathogens (88 Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolate...

In this study, molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance of 116 Yersinia ruckeri strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in commercial fish farms in the Northern and Eastern regions of Turkey was performed. The putative Y. ruckeri strains isolated were confirmed by PCR assays specific to the 16S rRNA gene of bacterium Y. ruckeri...

The Pan-Okhotsk region, which is part of the western North Pacific Ocean, famous for its active volcanoes, are Ring Fire and that enrich surrounding waters with essential chemicals. Therefore, this including Sea Okhotsk Japan, characterized by rich biota. Bacterioplankton plays a significant in biological communities an indicator ecosystem function. Analyzing adaptability three representatives ...