Strong characteristic Kα X-ray lines are accompanied by weak lines due to the radiative Auger effect (RAE) [1, 2]. The characteristic Kα fluorescent X-rays (K-L2,3 lines) are emitted by the 2p→1s electric dipole transition after one of the 1s electron photoionization, Though the probability is less than 0.01, one of the 2p electrons is excited into an unoccupied discrete or continuum level simu...

Childhood lead (Pb) poisoning remains a global issue, especially in industrial areas. In this study, 115 children with average age 5.7 years were recruited as either patient diagnosed with Pb poisoning or controls at Xinhua Hospital in China. The subjects' bone Pb was measured with a K-shell X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) and a portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) system. A significant correlation betw...

The identification of organic colorants in works of art has traditionally been one of the most difficult challenges in cultural heritage science. While non-invasive methods such as X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), or Raman microscopy are extremely useful for the identification of inorganic pigments, they remain generally unsuitable for the analysis of most organic colorants. The absence o...

In vivo bone lead measurements with 109Cd-based K-shell X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have been used to assess long-term lead exposure in adults. Tibia lead levels were measured in 210 children (106 boys, 104 girls) of 11-12(1/2) years of age in a lead smelter town and in a control (nonexposed) town. Tibia lead levels, methodological uncertainties, and models of some of the factors influencing them ...

A new micro-XRF instrument was developed in combination with an atomic force microscope (AFM). A small pinhole of 5 or 10 μm was made on the AFM cantilever. The center of the micro X-ray beam generated by a polycapillary X-ray lens was passed through the pinhole. The present experiment demonstrated that the size of the original X-ray beam of 48 μm produced by the polycapillary lens was reduced ...

Several samples coming from the recently discovered (February 2019) Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age Chovdar necropolis in Azerbaijan were analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. The analysis allowed a preliminary classification of eight groups based on their composition, obtained XRF spectra fundamental parameter method. A more detailed was then graph clustering

The concentration of halogens (Cl, Br) and sulfate in seawater during the Archaean eon have important implications for the evolution of Earth’s hydrosphere and atmosphere and the development of early life. Insights into the composition of Archaean seawater and hydrothermal fluids can be obtained by direct analysis of fluid inclusions preserved in Archaean sediments and hydrothermal systems. Her...

Introduction: Giotto (1266–1337) and his workshop realized c. 1315 the large Crucifix now in the Louvre Museum. The conservation of this masterpiece in 2010–2013 in the C2RMF studios gave the opportunity for a comprehensive investigation of the execution technique through a characterization of the paint layers. The first examinations revealed an original gilding and decoration surrounding the C...