UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a family of metabolic enzymes responsible for the detoxification of a wide range of endoand xenobiotics, including drugs. UGTmediated metabolism is a major determinant of the pharmacokinetic behavior of many drugs in the human body, contributing to parameters such as bioavailability and elimination. UGTs catalyze the transfer of glucuronic acid from UDP-g...

Scaling of the quantified dispositional parameters of xenobiotics from animals to man is of interest from the standpoint of toxicology (e.g., poisoning and risk assessment). Scaling is also important from the standpoint of therapeutics because it represents a strategy for predicting first-use-in-human doses in clinical trials of investigational new drugs. Current strategies for scaling either d...

Dwindling male fertility due to xenobiotics is of global concern. Accordingly, male reproductive toxicity assessment of xenobiotics through semen quality analysis in exposed males, and examining progeny production of their mates is critical. These assays, in part, are biased towards monogamy. Females soliciting multiple male partners (polyandry) is the norm in many species. Polyandry incites sp...

Drug-metabolizing enzymes, especially monooxygenases, play a major role in biotransformation and detoxification of many foreign compounds including environmental carcinogens. Although largely localized in the liver they are also found in the small intestine, which is the portal of entry of dietary toxins. Therefore cytochrome P-450 content as well as monooxygenase (7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase...

Bu derlemede flavin-içeren monooksijenazların (FMO) farmakolojik ve toksikolojik önemi ile ilgili güncel bilgiler özetlenmiştir. FMO’lar nükleofilik hetereatom içeren ksenobiyotiklerin ve ilaçların oksidasyonuna katılan mikrozomal bir enzim ailesidir. FMO’ların ilaç metabolizmasındaki etkinlikleri ve hastalıklarla olan ilişkileri, daha fazla araştırılması gereken alanlardır. FMO’lar üzerine yap...

Industrialisation, directly or indirectly, exposes humans to various xenobiotics. The increased magnitude of chemical pesticides and toxic heavy metals in the environment, as well their intrusion into food chain, seriously threatens human health. Therefore, surveillance xenobiotics is crucial for social safety security. Online investigation by traditional methods not sufficient detection identi...

Formation of congenital malformations in many respects occurs under the infl uenceof unfavorable stimuli external environment. In its turn, so-called«watch» may be markers ecological troubles.Objective – to analyse frequency malformation origin fetuses and newborns forthe period 2004-2014 conditions their parents living alternative as thepollution districts Chernivtsi region.Material methods. C...

Background: In this study, the toxicity of the different xenobiotics was tested on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster model system.  Methods: Fly larvae were raised on food supplemented with xenobioticsat different concentrations (sodium nitroprusside (0.1-1.5 mM), S-nitrosoglutathione (0.5-4 mM), and potassium ferrocyanide (1 mM)). Emergence of flies, food intake by larvae, and pupation h...