Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in vivo is known to establish persistent infection in resting, circulating memory B cells and to productively replicate in plasma cells. Until now, the molecular mechanism of how EBV switches from latency to lytic replication in vivo was not known. Here, we report that the plasma cell differentiation factor, XBP-1s, activates the expression of the master regulator of EB...

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of an immune response. DC survival is tightly controlled by extracellular stimuli such as cytokines and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, but the intracellular events that translate such extracellular stimuli into life or death for the DC remain poorly understood. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, o...

BACKGROUND Saccharification of lignocellulosic material by xylanases and other glycoside hydrolases is generally conducted at high concentrations of the final reaction products, which frequently inhibit the enzymes used in the saccharification process. Using a random nonhomologous recombination strategy, we have fused the GH11 xylanase from Bacillus subtilis (XynA) with the xylose binding prote...

صخلملا The aim of this study isto examine whether radiofrequency (RF) used in cellular phone communications at a specific absorption rate (SAR) less than 1.2 w/kg could increase the spontaneous rate of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) or elicit alterations both in the cell replication index (CRI) and mitotic index (MI) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Whole blood samples were obtained fro...

هديكچ ط ي لاس اه ي خا ي ر پ ي تفرش لباق هظحلام ا ي رد طابترا اب لولس ه ا ي نب ي دا ي لصاح هدش تسا هک ون ي د شخب هار اهراک ي ون ي ن نامرد ي رد ب ي رام ي اه ي بعص جلاعلا م ي .دشاب ا ي ن لولس اه هک رد مامت ناگرا ي مس اه ي دنچ لولس ي روضح ،دنراد اناوت يي سقت ي م و دبت ي ل هب لولس اه يي سب ي را صاصتخا ي ار هتشاد و نچمه ي ن رداق هب اج ي زگ ي ن ...

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an obesity-related chronic liver disorder ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE Tto investigate the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in mediating the transition from steatosis to inflammation. METHODS ApoE(-/-)/TLR4(mut) mice and ApoE(-/-)/TLR4 wil...

1 نارهت يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،تشادهب هدكشناد ،تشادهب شزومآ دشرا يسانشراك يوجشناد ناريا ، 2 لوئسم هدنسيون : رايداتسا هورگ نارهت يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،تشادهب هدكشناد ،تشادهب شزومآ ، ناريا . يكينورتكلا تسپ : [email protected] 3 نارهت يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،تشادهب هدكشناد ،هيذغت هورگ رايداتسا ناريا ، 4 رامآ هورگ رايداتسا يضاير و ، ريدم تاقيقحت زكرم ي ،يناتسراميب ت يناسر علاطا و تيريدم هدكشن...

صخلملا A total of 48 fresh water fishes, belonging to four species of the family Cyprinidae (Capoeta trutta, Chalcalburnus mossulensis, Cyprinion macrostomum and Leuciscus lepidus) were collected from Darbandikhan lake, southwest Sulaimaniya city, Kurdistan region, in the north of Iraq, from March to the end of July 2008. The inspection of gills revealed the infection of these fishes with four ...

CONTEXT Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is critical for initiation and full activation of the unfolded protein response. An association between genetic variation in ATF6 and type 2 diabetes (DM2) was recently reported in Pima Indians. OBJECTIVES To investigate the broader significance of this association for DM2, replication studies in distinct ethic populations are required. We inve...