The case report, which has a long history in medicine, has seen its fortune wax and wane with time. We discuss the challenges facing the continued survival of the case report, including the inability of journals to cope with the increased load and increased cost of publication, ethical issues, the impact factor and the rise of evidence-based medicine. We highlight the important role that the ca...

Competitive behavior has often been presented as the ultimate engine of economic, technological, and scientific progress. Since all such progress is likely to imply some measure of social benefit, competition has been widely praised in modern western culture. However, competition can have very negative effects on social wellbeing. An early example is known as the "tragedy of the commons." The c...

Authors of articles published in medical journals are often busy researchers who cannot afford time devoted to writing. Though they are experts in their own therapeutic area, more often than not, researchers find it difficult to actually write and publish their research. Professional medical writers with their expertise in writing clear, concise, comprehensible, and coherent content are often a...

The writing process is a development that progresses as problem-solving activity by the writer to make best decisions convey his/her ideas audience. Writing uses both oral and written language complete. One addition online collaborative writing. However, transitioning from individual group will put learners in zone of proximal development. In that, emergence mode has made work problematic. This...

Femtosecond laser direct writing is employed for the fabrication of buried tubular waveguides in bulk poly(methyl methacrylate). A novel technique using selective chemical etching is presented to resolve the two-dimensional refractive-index profile of the fabrication structures. End-to-end coupling in the waveguides reveals a near-field intensity distribution that results from the superimpositi...

It describes each component element of Chinese ink painting in detail. Firstly, this paper presents brush emulation based on physical calculation. The brush model comprises a spine skeleton wrapped up a smooth surface which can be deformed through constrained energy minimization. The model can bend the skeleton and change the shape of the tuft when there is a force applied on the brush. Then, i...

This study builds on three previous studies (Russell, 1999; Russell & Haney,1997; Russell & Plati, 2001) to examine the effect administering extended composi-tion test items on paper, on computer or on a portable writing device has on studentperformance. This study employs writing items from the 1999 Massachusetts Com-prehensive Assessment System (MCAS) to examine the mode of ad...

Purpose – Felicitous writing is enormously important. However, the art of writing well is rarely addressed by marketing scholars. This paper seeks to argue that the marketing academy has much to learn from historiography, a sub-discipline devoted to the explication of historical writing. Design/methodology/approach – Although it is primarily predicated on published works, this paper is not a co...

The depth dependent spherical aberration is investigated for ultrafast laser written waveguides fabricated in a transverse writing geometry using the slit beam shaping technique in the low pulse repetition rate regime. The axial elongation of the focus caused by the aberration leads to a distortion of the refractive index change, and waveguides designed as single mode become multimode. We theor...