Wood is a common material used for the manufacture of many products, and submerged wood, in particular, has been used in niche markets and musical instruments. In order to examine if submerged wood in British Columbia, Canada, would be appropriate for use as musical instruments, a study was performed in 2007 on submerged wood from Ootsa Lake, British Columbia, Canada. The results of that study ...

this study aims to investigate the relationships between people?s livelihoods and the woodland resources of the ganaveh watershed in southern zagros, iran, as a basis for suggestions of strategies for sustainable management of the woodland resources and improvement of the livelihoods of people in the community. household data were collected through interviews with heads of households and member...

The State of Tennessee consists of 95 counties endowed with abundant forest resources that encompass more than 13.3 million acres. The forest products industries in Tennessee consist of two major industries: the primary and secondary wood processing industries. This study examined if there are differences among counties in the primary wood processing industries as related to employment, payroll...

Considerations of economic potential, past utilization, habitat, ecology, and silviculture are brought together in nine recommendations for managing tanoak in northern California. These include seeding acorns point up, establishing new stands from root crown sprouts, thinning existing young-growth stands, beginning stands from nursery stock planted at different spacings and learning spacing and...

BACKGROUND No consensus has been reached how to measure the effectiveness of climate change mitigation in the land-use sector and how to prioritize land use accordingly. We used the long-term cumulative and average sectorial C stocks in biomass, soil and products, C stock changes, the substitution of fossil energy and of energy-intensive products, and net present value (NPV) as evaluation crite...

The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. Compression wood tracheids were swollen by both ionic liquids but their swelling behaviors were different in the types...

This overview of durability in composite wood products will discuss the history and background of increasing the durability of wood composites. Some of the current challenges will be presented. Processing for durable composites will include post-manufacture treatments and in-process treatments. New composites and novel approaches and treatments for durability will be discussed.

Wood-polymer composites (WPC) have been extensively used for building products, outdoor decking, automotive, packaging materials, and other applications. WPC is subject to fungal and termite attacks due to wood components enveloped in the thermoplastic matrix. Much effort has been made to improve decay resistance of WPC using zinc borate and other chemicals. In this study, chitosan copper compl...

Standardized laboratory testing of wood and wood-based products against subterranean termites in Indonesia (SNI 01.7207-2006) (SNI) has no requirement for the inclusion of a comparative reference species of wood (reference control). This is considered a weakness of the Indonesian standard. Consequently, a study was undertaken to identify a suitable Indonesian species of community wood that coul...

Adhesion to Wood 9–1 Surface Properties of Wood Adherends 9–2 Extractives on Surfaces 9–3 Knifeand Abrasive-Planed Surfaces 9–3 Veneer Surfaces 9–4 Surfaces of Wood and Nonwood Composite Products 9–5 Physical Properties of Wood Adherends 9–6 Density and Porosity 9–6 Moisture Content and Dimensional Changes 9–7 Adhesives 9–9 Composition 9–9 Health and Safety 9–10 Strength and Durability 9–10 Adh...