Here for the first time, we demonstrate novel DSSCs with a Pt- and TCO-free counter electrode, which have a highly conductive polymer exhibiting high catalytic ability and charge transport, and the photovoltaic performance increases as we increase the PEDOT film conductivity.

spectral theory loses sight of the fact that operators of interest are typically acting on a concrete space, normally L’(R“. d“x) for some I’. Physics is often connected with the local structure in R” and much recent progress (reviewed, e.g., in 191) uses the geometry in R“. Of particular interest is G,“(t) = ilF(I.ul < R)e-““o?:,l. where F(A) is multiplication by the characteristic function of...

Notch signalling is an important evolutionary conserved mechanism known to control cell fate choices through local interactions. Here, the patterns of expression of Notch-1 and -2 genes and their ligands Delta-1, Serrate-1 and -2, were established in the early blastodisc of the chicken embryo from the pre-streak to the first somite stages. Delta-1 was detected as early as the pre-streak stage i...

Developments in electronic communications have created many new uses for the letter “e”—“e-commerce,” “e-learning,” “e-governance,” and so forth. These terms point to some of the ways in which modern information and communications technologies (ICTs) are changing how millions of people work and live. Against that background, it makes sense for the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (...

The adaptation of cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses to ozone (O3) was examined by repeated exposure of electrocardiographic (ECG) electrode- and thermistor sensor-implanted rats to O3 for 4 consecutive days (8 hrs/day). Circadian rhythms of heart rate (HR) and abdominal core temperature (Tco) were disrupted on the first and second O3 exposure days in a concentration dependent manner...

The New and Early Chick (EC) methods, two commonly used techniques for ex ovo culture of early-stage avian embryos, are limited by poor survivability after initiation of circulation. This limitation is circumvented with two recent technical advancements: the modified Cornish pasty culture and whole-embryo transplantation. The former supports optimal ex ovo growth till stage HH18, and the latter...

The implementation of MELD and PELD represented an enormous advance toward allocation of deceased donor livers according to objective criteria that reflect illness severity. PELD, developed using the Studies of Pediatric Liver Transplantation database, formed the basis of liver allocation for children (<18 years) (1). To acknowledge that a mathematical model cannot adequately reflect every indi...

A restriction map of a 13.5-kb EcoRI fragment encoding beta-lactamase from a plasmid isolated from enterococcal strain PA was prepared and found to differ markedly from the published maps of beta-lactamase-encoding EcoRI fragments of two staphylococcal plasmids and the plasmid from enterococcal strain HH22. This comparison also showed that one of two contiguous EcoRV fragments that encompass th...