Dividing plant cells perform a remarkable task of building a new cell wall within the cytoplasm in a few minutes. A long-standing paradigm claims that this primordial cell wall, known as the cell plate, is generated by delivery of newly synthesized material from Golgi apparatus-originated secretory vesicles. Here, we show that, in diverse plant species, cell surface material, including plasma m...

Background: The treatment of distal clavicle fracture is always a challenge, as it is mostly unstable and has higherrate of delayed union, malunion, non-union and associated acromioclavicular arthritis. So the management of thesefractures remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional results of Type 2 distal endclavicle fractures treated with superior anterior l...

In this paper, nonlinear control techniques are developed to control parallel-plate micro electrostatic actuators in the presence of parasitics and parametric uncertainties. The movable plate of the micro actuator is actively controlled utilizing the measurements of internal charge and movable plate’s displacement. A velocity observer is designed to estimate the velocity of the plate that is ne...

Recent years have shown an increased interest in the development and use of phase plates in cryo-EM. The oldest and the most productive type of phase plate is the carbon film Zernike phase plate [1]. It has been successfully used in cryo-tomography [2] and single particle analysis applications [3]. Despite its good performance the Zernike phase plate has a few pitfalls. One major practical hind...

During the past years, major advances have been made in understanding the sequential events involved in neural plate patterning. Positional information is already conferred to cells of the neural plate at the time of its induction in the ectoderm. The interplay between the BMP- and the Fgf- signaling pathways leads to the induction of neural cell fates. Thus, neural induction and neural plate p...

BACKGROUND There are several factors that can affect the fatigue life of a bone plate, including the mechanical properties of the plate and the complexity of the fracture. The position of the screws can influence construct stiffness, plate strain and cyclic fatigue of the implants. Studies have not investigated these variables in implants utilized for long bone fracture fixation in dogs and cat...

The structure of the kinetochore in thin section has been studied in the Indian muntjac by an electron spectroscopic imaging technique. This procedure allows the analysis of the distribution of phosphorus within the layers of the kinetochore. The results indicate that this element is a major component of both the inner and outer plates whereas it is largely absent in the middle plate and fibrou...

Plate fixation of extraarticular distal humeral shaft fracture is often difficult. Traditional techniques do not allow for stable fixation. A single DCP plate may have inadequate purchase in the distal fragment. The use of large plates extending distally over the lateral supracondylar ridge is often associated with pain and sometimes interferes with elbow range of motion. In this study, 22 pati...

In this paper, predictive feedback control is used to suppress circular plate vibrations. It is assumed that the system to be regulated is unknown. The plate is excited by a uniform force over the bottom surface generated by a loudspeaker. The axially-symmetrical vibrations of the plate are measured by the application of the strain sensors located along the plate radius and two centrally placed...