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Distance learning and other modes of online instruction, such as those offering hybrid models, are closely linked to the manner that new technologies are tested, implemented and evaluated. This paper works from an understanding of where technologies supporting instruction have converged in 2002, and suggests that by taking an evolutionary view of technology we will improve the design of instruc...

This study has used TOMS AI as well as the reanalysis dataset of thirty-four years (1979-2012) to investigate the influence of atmospheric circulation on dust transport during the Harmattan period in West Africa, using Aerosol Index (AI) data, obtained from various satellite sensors. Changes in Inter-Tropical Discontinuity (ITD), Sea Surface Temperature (SST) over the Gulf of Guinea, and North ...

This paper provides an appropriate method for predicting strong winds acting on tall buildings erected in close proximity to one another at the center of a city. We first check the accuracy of strong winds estimated using the meso-meteorological model (MM5) without an urban-canopy model above and inside an urban canopy, in comparison with the observational data taken at the rooftop of a high-ri...

We examine the influence of the gravity of the companion (the secondary) to the massive primary star η Carinae on the winds blown by the primary and the secondary. The two winds collide with each other after passing through two respective shock waves, and escape the system while strongly emitting in the X-ray band. While during most of the 5.5 years orbital period, the companion’s gravity has a...

Laboratory experiments indicate that an advancing ejecta curtain displaces the atmosphere and creates strong winds that entrain large amounts of fine-grained ejecta. A theoretical model describing the interaction between an atmosphere and the outward moving ejecta curtain allows one to estimate the magnitude and velocity of the winds in the induced ring vortex in order to establish the importan...

The non-spherically symmetric winds of B[e] supergiants are investigated. An empirical density distribution is chosen that accounts for the density concentrations and ratios derived from observations, and our model winds are assumed to contain only hydrogen and helium. We first calculate the approximate ionization radii for H and He and compare the results with the ionization fractions calculat...

We solve the one-dimensional neutrino-heated non-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wind problem for conditions that range from slowly rotating (spin period P & 10 ms) protoneutron stars (PNSs) with surface field strengths typical of radio pulsars (B . 1013 G), to "proto-magnetars" with B ≈ 1014 − 1015 G in their hypothesized rapidly rotating initial states (P ≈ 1 ms). We use the relativist...

Hurricanes Erin, Opal, Luis, Marilyn, and Roxanne were the most destructive hurricanes of 1995. At landfall, Luis and Marilyn contained maximum sustained winds (marine exposure) estimated at near 60 and 46 m s21, respectively. The strongest landfalling storm of the 1995 season, Luis, decreased in intensity from a category 4 to 3 on the Saffir–Simpson scale shortly before the eyewall crossed the...