Reciprocity is a core institution that allows diverse individuals to engage in collective action. Collective action is essential to meet the goals of sustainable development. The twin goals of sustainable development are to protect the well-being of individuals and ecosystems in ways that are socially just. These twin goals constitute the win-win paradigm. However, tradeoffs in socialecological...

The UN sustainable development goals contain environmental, economic, and social objectives. They may only be reached, or at least it would be easier to reach them, if instead of a trade-off between these objectives that implies a need for balancing them, there are synergies to be reaped. This paper discusses how the structures of economic models typically used in policy analysis influence whet...

As a new business model of e-commerce,export cross-border e-commerce has a great significance to promotesustainable development of domestic economy and meet the demands of foreign consumers. With rapid development of export cross-border e-commerce in recent years, many problems occur that hinder its development, such as shortage of relevant professionals and lack of the innovation on business m...

For matrix games we study how small nonzero probability must be used in optimal strategies. We show that for n × n win-lose-draw games (i.e. (−1, 0, 1) matrix games) nonzero probabilities smaller than n are never needed. We also construct an explicit n × n win-lose game such that the unique optimal strategy uses a nonzero probability as small as n. This is done by constructing an explicit (−1, ...

Alicyclobacillus species are thermo-acidophilic bacteria that produce highly resistant endospores able to survive the processing temperatures of fruit concentrate manufacturing, including evaporation and conventional pasteurisation (86 ° 96 °C for ± 2 min). Alicyclobacillus endospores retain their viability in juice concentrates which, under favourable conditions, could germinate and multiply t...

The Spiral Model of software development [Boehm, 1988] begins each cycle of the spiral by performing the next level of elaboration of the prospective system's objectives, constraints, and alternatives. A primary difficulty in applying the spiral model has been the lack of explicit process guidance in determining these objectives, constraints, and alternatives. This paper presents an extension o...