Alongside the growth in overall employment and the steady rise in average real incomes over the 1990s, the UK experienced a concentration of worklessness and low pay among certain groups in society. This was particularly acute for low-income families with children, but was also reflected in the frequency of spells out of work by the young and by the falling attachment to the labour market of ol...

UML activity diagrams can be used for modeling the dynamic aspects of systems and for constructing executable systems through forward and reverse engineering. They are very suitable for describing the model of program behaviour. In this paper, we extend UML activity diagrams by introducing timing constraints so that they can be used to model real-time software systems, and give the solution for...

Timing channels constitute one form of covert channels through which programs may be leaking information about the confidential data they manipulate. Such timing channels are typically eliminated by design, employing ad-hoc techniques to avoid information leaks through execution time, or by program transformation techniques, that transform programs that satisfy some form of non-interference pro...

Debugging is an integral part of the software development cycle which can account for up to 50% of the development time of an application. This paper discusses some of the challenges speciic to real-time debugging. It explains how developing real-time applications can be supported by an environment which addresses the issues of time deadline monitoring and distortion due to the interference of ...

The successful application of static program analysis strongly depends on flow facts a such as loop bounds, control-flow constraints, and operating modes. This problem heavily affects the design real-time systems, since analyses are prerequisite to determine timing behavior program. For example, this becomes obvious in worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis, which is often infeasible without...

This paper presents a mechanism called timedeterministic replay (TDR) that can reproduce the execution of a program, including its precise timing. Without TDR, reproducing the timing of an execution is difficult because there are many sources of timing variability – such as preemptions, hardware interrupts, cache effects, scheduling decisions, etc. TDR uses a combination of techniques to either...