Despite their numerical superiority women do not occupy positions of power and authority in the health services generally. This is perceived as being due to a variety of factors which prevent women from realising their full potential as managers. In other parts of the world, as well as in South Africa, middle class white males have dominated health services, since medicine became a formal scien...

Two reaction time experiments were carried out to examine the morphological gender processing of Spanish words that were either transparent -that is, ending in o/a (e.g., banco - bank)-or opaque-that is, without superficial gender marking (e.g., virtud - virtue). In Experiment 1, participants categorized the gender of a transparent gender target preceded by a derived word of the same gender (e....

As if from nowhere, intersexuals are materializing everywhere, and the boundaries separating the masculine and feminine seem harder than ever to define. This change has added another dimension to the debate on how to treat newborns of genital ambiguity. Reprinted from Sciences 40 (Jul/Aug 2000): 18-23. Copyright New York Academy of Sciences

The popular Disney Princess line includes nine films (e.g., Snow White, Beauty and the Beast) and over 25,000 marketable products. Gender role depictions of the prince and princess characters were examined with a focus on their behavioral characteristics and climactic outcomes in the films. Results suggest that the prince and princess characters differ in their portrayal of traditionally mascul...

The central role of the virtue of compassion in the shaping of the professional character of healthcare providers is a well-emphasized fact. On the other hand, the utmost obligation of physicians is to alleviate or eliminate human suffering. Traditionally, according to the Aristotelian understanding of virtues and virtue ethics, human virtues have been associated with masculinity. In recent dec...

Previous research has identified physical and behavioral differences between parents who produce sons and those who produce daughters. However, the possibility that men and women have predictions about the sexes of their offspring based on these differences, or any other interoceptive cues, has not been investigated. We compared the dominance, sociosexual orientation, estradiol, testosterone, a...

The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) is a widely used instrument in measuring gender role perception s. Recent concerns regardin g the validity of the adjectives have arisen as changes in the roles of men and wom en have occurred in American society since the 1970’s. A partial replication of the method that Bem (1974) used to validate the masculine and feminine adjectives comprising the instrument...

Gender-fair language (GFL) aims at reducing gender stereotyping and discrimination. Two principle strategies have been employed to make languages gender-fair and to treat women and men symmetrically: neutralization and feminization. Neutralization is achieved, for example, by replacing male-masculine forms (policeman) with gender-unmarked forms (police officer), whereas feminization relies on t...

Studies of women's preferences for male faces have variously reported preferences for masculine faces, preferences for feminine faces and no effect of masculinity-femininity on male facial attractiveness. It has been suggested that these apparently inconsistent findings are, at least partly, due to differences in the methods used to manipulate the masculinity of face images or individual differ...

and Body Image in 9to 12-Year-Old Girls: The Role of Appearance Schemas. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (Impact Factor: 1.92). Definition: Gender schema theory refers to the theory that children learn about what it means to be male and female from the culture in which they live. According. It is important to have a clear definition of each construct psychological androgyny. S...