a long-term rotation experiment was established in 2001 to compare conservation or reduced tillage systems (shallow rototiller and chisel tillage) with conventional tillage system using mouldboard plough in a semi-arid region with mediterranean climate. field experiments were conducted to determine weed density and profitability of cropping systems in a crop rotation of winter wheat (triticum a...

Globally, wheat is the leading source of vegetable protein in human food, having a higher protein content than other major cereals, maize (corn) or rice. In terms of total production tonnages used for food, India is currently second to wheat as the main human food crop and ahead of maize. Determining the quality of wheat is critical. Specifying the quality of wheat manually requires an expert j...

Densities of 10, 20, and 30 hard red winter wheat kernels, Triticum aestivum L., were infested with different life stages of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), mixed with 35 g of wheat treated with 300 ppm of the Protect-It (Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) formulation of diatomaceous earth (DE), and held at 22, 27, and 32 degrees C. A similar test was conducted by exposing densities of 6, 1...

Water tables are dropping by approximately one meter annually throughout the North China Plain mainly due to water withdrawals for irrigating winter wheat year after year. In order to examine whether the drawdown can be reduced we calculate the net water use for an 11 year field experiment from 2003 to 2013 where six irrigated crops (winter wheat, summer maize, cotton, peanuts, sweet potato, ry...

This paper presents evidence for the occurrence of proteinaceous inhibitors isolated from Chick pea (Cicer arietinum), Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Maize seeds (Zea mays), Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Millet (Pennisetum typhoides). These seeds inhibitors exhibited inhibitory activity against alpha amylase from red flour beetle, T. castaneum. Out of five tested seed samples Wheat, Maize an...

A mycological survey was carried out at Entre Ríos province, Argentina, on sorghum grain, maize, rice, soybean seeds and on freshly harvested and stored wheat. The isolation frequencies and relative densities of species belonging to genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and other fungi were calculated. Alternaria alternata was the major fungal species isolated from sorghum, rice...

To understand the effect of heat and drought on three major cereal crops, the physiological and biochemical (i.e., metabolic) factors affecting photosynthesis were examined in rice, wheat, and maize plants grown under long-term water deficit (WD), high temperature (HT) and the combination of both stresses (HT-WD). Diffusional limitations to photosynthesis prevailed under WD for the C3 species, ...

The field experiments were conducted during 2017-19 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. main aim of study was to find out a suitable cropping system that can replace existing rice-wheat realize higher productivity and profitability. Four systems, viz. rice (Oryza sativa L.) - mustard (Brassica juncea mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), maize (Zea mays mustard-mungbean...

Limited precipitation restricts crop yield in the North China Plain, where high level of production depends largely on irrigation. Establishing the optimal irrigation scheduling according to the crop water requirement (CWR) and precipitation is the key factor to achieve rational water use. Precipitation data collected for about 40 years were employed to analyze the long-term trend, and weather ...

In genomic selection (GS), genotype × environment interaction (G × E) can be modeled by a marker × environment interaction (M × E). The G × E may be modeled through a linear kernel or a nonlinear (Gaussian) kernel. In this study, we propose using two nonlinear Gaussian kernels: the reproducing kernel Hilbert space with kernel averaging (RKHS KA) and the Gaussian kernel with the bandwidth estima...