UNLABELLED Carob germ proteins have been shown to have functional properties similar to wheat gluten enabling formulation and production of yeast leavened gluten-free baked goods from a true dough rather than a stiff batter. The purpose of this research was to optimize the production of wheat-free bread containing carob germ flour, corn starch, NaCl, sucrose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC...

Two protein phosphatases (enzymes I and II) were extensively purified from wheat embryo by a procedure involving chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, DEAE-Sephacel and Ultrogel AcA 44. Preparations of enzyme I (Mr 197,000) are heterogeneous. Preparations of enzyme II (Mr 35,000) contain only one major polypeptide (Mr 17,500), which exactly co-purifies with protein phosphata...

A soluble enzyme system which catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides in wheat germ has previously been described (1). Peroxidase was shown to be a component of this system. Later, Humphreys (2) demonstrated that Mn+ and an unidentified cofactor were required for aerobic oxidation of TPNH’ in crude preparations of malic enzyme from wheat germ. Although no attempt was mad...

An extract of fermented wheat germ (EFWG) was prepared by treatment with Aspergillus oryzae and in vitro antioxidant and cellular antioxidant capacities were measured. The induction of phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in exerting a cellular antioxidant capacity was determined. Treatment of wheat germ with A. oryzae significantly (p<0.001) increased the ferulic acid content, compared...

Wheat, rice, and corn are the most widely eaten whole grains, followed by oats, rye, and barley. A wheat kernel consists of 80–85% endosperm, 10–14% bran, and 2.5–3% germ (Figure 1). Whole grains contain a high amount of bioactive substances such as fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other phytochemicals such as betaine, choline, sulfur amino acids, and melatonin, which account for at...

The initial step in the conjugation of ubiquitin to substrate proteins involves the activation of ubiquitin by ubiquitin activating enzyme, E1. Previously, we purified and characterized multiple species of E1 from wheat germ. We now describe the isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding E1 from wheat. This clone (UBA1) was isolated from a cDNA expression library with anti-wheat E1...