Trips to recreational sites generate two distinct kinds of economic impacts for the coastal and marine economy; market impacts and non-market impacts. Market impacts refer to the flow of money through an economy and the associated jobs, wages, and taxes associated with these flows. In contrast, non-market impacts refer to the consumer surplus that a resource provides. This paper examines both t...

abstract- iran achieved its self-sufficiency goal in wheat production a few years ago, perhaps at the expense of decreasing the production of other grains specially barley as stated by critics in the country. considering the dependency of wheat and barley markets on each other, policy preference functions were estimated separately for each market. incorporating political weights, a game theory ...

An integrated assessment model (ENVISAGE), including a CGE-based economic module and a climate module, is used to assess the effects of a variety of economic impacts induced by climate change. These impacts include: sea level rise, variations in crop yields, water availability, human health, tourism, energy demand. Two scenarios are compared: a baseline growth path, disregarding any climate cha...

This article analyzes the socio-cultural impact of failure by Muslims in Kenya to review British colonial statutes that disrupted traditional awqãf (religious endowments) practices postcolonial period. Awqãf are autonomous enterprise meant for spiritual expression taqwa (piety), seeking qurba (closeness) with God, and ensure socio-economic security endower’s progeny social welfare community. Up...

Ocean acidification is increasingly recognized as a component of global change that could have a wide range of impacts on marine organisms, the ecosystems they live in, and the goods and services they provide humankind. Assessment of these potential socio-economic impacts requires integrated efforts between biologists, chemists, oceanographers, economists and social scientists. But because ocea...