This paper gives a model of a structured population with respect to an autosomal locus with two alleles. The population reproduces in discrete and non-overlapping generations. The population is assumed to be in equilibrium in that exactly the same distribution of genotypic proportions is reproduced in each generation. The population is subdivided into `localities’ which are characterized by the...

more than 80% of the total milk protein contains caseins that are to forms α-s1, α-s2, β-casein and kappa casein. kappa casein is smaller than other milk proteins but due to have a role in size and stability of micelles. the present study describes polymorphism of kappa casein gene. this is the first study of kappa casein gene polymorphism in najdi cattle of iran. we used the polymerase chain r...

assessing genetic biodiversity and population structure of minor populations through the information provided by neutral molecular markers, allows determination of their extinction risk and to design strategies for their management and conservation. analysis of microsatellite loci is known to be highly informative in the reconstruction of the historical processes underlying the evolution and di...

The common buzzard (Buteo buteo) is a bird of prey with Eurasia distribution. Buteo buteo from Iran, has an important role in the ecological cycle of the north and the northwest parts of Iran, now is suffering from illegal hunting. Blood samples from 50 Buteo buteo birds from rehabilitation center of Pardisan Park, Tehran, Iran were taken to evaluate and study the gen...

placental lactogen is a polypeptide hormone that is produced by the placenta, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin hormone. it has both growth hormone and prolactin activities on growth, lactation, and luteal steroid production. the objective of this study was to investigate the bovine placental lactogen (bpl) gene polymorphism of holstein cows in razavi khorasan province. blood samples we...

Considering of multiples research genetic in cats, the objective this study was to compare diversity domestic cat population at different spatial and temporal scales. According administrative division city Cali, 8 colonies (localities) were chosen, which together form 5 subpopulations within for sampling. The phenotype from each individual?s coat recognized subsequent calculation allele frequen...

The approximate variance for the standardized measure of gametic linkage disequilibrium has been described. However, this approach assumes knowledge of the phase of double heterozygotes or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Here we give the approximate variance for a composite measure of linkage disequilibrium which depends only on genotype frequencies. We show by simulation that this variance approxi...