Real-world data are often riddled with data quality problems such as noise, outliers and missing values, which present significant challenges for supervised learning algorithms to effectively classify them. This paper explores the ill-effects of inapplicable features on the performance of supervised learning algorithms. In particular, we highlight the difference between missing and inapplicable...

Algebraic integral equations is a special category of Volterra integral equations system,  that has many applications in physics and engineering. The principal aim of this paper is to serve the numerical solution of an integral algebraic equation by using the Taylor expansion method. In this method, using the Taylor expansion of the unknown function, the algebraic integral equation system becom...

Measuring blood hematocrit noninvasively is reviewed in this paper. Although there is an inclination to measure the hematocrit by determining the bioelectrical impedance of the blood, in vitro experimental methods still remain practically inapplicable. The blood sample size is determined when blood samples are examined. Determining the impedance and volume of blood is the biggest challenge in m...

In this paper, a model is developed to determine retailer's inventory policy under two-level trade credit system. It is assumed that the retailer has a powerful position so that he can obtain the full trade credit offered by supplier whereas customer can obtain just the partial trade credit from the retailer. The proposed model also allows fully backlogged shortages. This robust Mathematical mo...

The conventional extraction method has low efficiency. This study aims to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted conditions of andrographolide from A. paniculata. A ½ inch ultrasonic probe sonicator was used extract effects time (X1), duty cycle (X2) and amplitude (X3) on yield (Y) were investigated by using response surface methodology. Experiments designed according 3-level 3-factor Box Behnken Des...

In this paper, the resonant frequency and sensitivity of an atomic force microscope (AFM) with an assembled cantilever probe (ACP) are analyzed utilizing the modified couple stress theory. The proposed ACP comprises a horizontal microcantilever, an extension and a tip located at the free end of the extension, which make AFM capable of scanning the sample sidewall. First, the governing different...