tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the ...

A method is proposed for improving the accuracy of calculating tropospheric delay in satellite radio navigation using Kalman filtering with a combination calculation one standard troposphere models. The was tested on real measurement data absence information about weather conditions. It concluded that can work time. implemented and receiver used by Farvater company.

iii Acknowledgments v List of Illustrations ix List of Tables xi

Arrival performance for the United States shows that over 83 percent of flights are actually on time. However, 17 percent delayed flights are still an indisputable high number, having almost eight million commercial travel flights per year, only in the US. Knowledge of the conditions leading to flight delays may be used in a monitoring and prediction tool to diminish its impact on commercial fl...

An accurate knowledge of the 3D distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere is a key element for weather forecasting and climate research. In addition, a precise determination of water vapor is also required for accurate positioning and deformation monitoring using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). Several approaches for 3D tomogr...

The INTEGRAL Radiation Environment Monitor (IREM) is a payload supporting instrument on board the INTEGRAL satellite. The monitor continually measures electron and proton fluxes along the orbit and provides this information to the spacecraft on board data handler. The mission alert system broadcasts it to the payload instruments enabling them to react accordingly to the current radiation level....

Unlike terrestrial birds, many species of seabirds forage far from their breeding sites. Alternating nest attendance by the two parents allows for long distance foraging trips during lengthy incubation periods. Even so, limited food availability or poor weather can sometimes delay birds in their return to the nest. Thus, egg temperatures may drop to ambient levels for periods of a day or more (...

In a recent study we developed a fast and accurate algorithm to compute Global Positioning System (GPS) Slant Total Delay (STDs) utilizing numerical weather model data. Having developed a forward operator we construct in this study the tangent linear (adjoint) operator by application of the chain rule of differential calculus in forward (reverse) mode. Armed with these operators we show in a si...

Mapping of the zenith hydrostatic delay at radio frequencies to elevations as low as 3° has been improved by making use of the in situ atmosphere state. This information might be obtained from a numerical weather model, thus providing better atmosphere calibration on a global scale. The new model has been evaluated by comparing the repeatability of the lengths of baselines measured by Very Long...

We report on the retrieval of directional sea-roughness (the full directional mean square slope, including MSS, direction and isotropy) through inversion of Global Navigation Satellite System Reflections (GNSSR) and SOlar REflectance Speculometry (SORES) data collected during an experimental flight at 1000 m. The emphasis is on the utilization of the entire Delay-Doppler Map (for GNSS-R) or Til...