the purpose of the present work is to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the family of interval type-2 fuzzy reflexive/tolerance approximation spaces and the family of interval type-2 fuzzy closure spaces.

in this paper, we introduce a satisfaction function (sf) to compare interval values on the basis oftseng and klein’s idea. the sf estimates the degree to which arithmetic comparisons between two intervalvalues are satisfied. then, we define two other functions called lower and upper sf based on the sf. weapply these functions in order to present a new interpretation of inequality constraints wi...

Recently routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem in wavelength-routed optical networks (WRON's) has been studied extensively. Different optimum criterions are proposed to evaluate the performance of designed networks, such as carried traffic [1], wavelength requirement [2,3], fiber requirement [4], and OXC system scale [5]. Because wavelength is a very limited network resource, most of ...

Normal hearts exhibit a positive time difference between the end of ventricular contraction and the end of QT interval, which is referred to as the electromechanical (EM) window. Drug-induced prolongation of repolarization may lead to the negative EM window, which was proposed to be a novel proarrhythmic marker. This study examined whether abnormal changes in the EM window may account for arrhy...

An appropriate subdivision of a geophysical area into segments enables us to extrapolate the results obtained in some locations within the segment (where extensive research was done) to other locations within the same segment, and thus, get a good understanding of the locations which weren’t thoroughly analyzed. Often, different evidence and different experts’ intuition support different subdiv...

We propose and describe plasmonic nanomaterials with unique optical properties. These nanostructured materials strongly attenuate light across a broad wavelength interval ranged from 400 nm to 5 μm but exhibit a narrow transparency window centered at a given wavelength. The main elements used in our systems are nanorods and nanocrosses of variable sizes. The nanomaterial can be designed as a so...

An extension of the correlated-k distribution method that uses spectral-mapping techniques was derived to parameterize line-by-line absorption coefficients for multiple gases simultaneously for use in threedimensional atmospheric models. In a variation from previous correlation techniques, this technique ensures exact correlation of absorption frequencies within a probability interval for all g...