We extend the Miles mechanism of wind-wave generation to finite depth. A β-Miles linear growth rate depending on the depth and wind velocity is derived and allows the study of linear growth rates of surface waves from weak to moderate winds in finite depth h. The evolution of β is plotted, for several values of the dispersion parameter kh with k the wave number. For constant depths we find that...

A method of visually tracking a known three-dimensional object is described. Predicted object position and orientation extrapolated from previous tracking data are used to find known features in one or more pictures. The measured image positions of the features are used to adjust the estimates of object position, orientation, velocity, and angular velocity in three dimensions, Filtering over ti...

In this work we consider a convolution model for nonlinear conservation laws. Due to the delicate balance between the nonlinear convection and the nonlocal forcing, this model allows for narrower shock layers than those in the viscous Burgers’ equation and yet exhibits the conditional finite time breakdown as in the damped Burgers’ equation. We show the critical threshold phenomenon by presenti...

We independently manipulated mixing intensity (strong artificial mixing vs. background turbulence) and water-column depth (2 m, 4 m, 8 m, and 12 m) in order to explore their separate and combined effects in a field enclosure experiment. To accentuate the vertical light gradient, enclosures had black walls, resulting in a euphotic depth of only 3.7 m. All enclosures were placed in a well-mixed w...

Gas hydrate model and free gas model are established, and two-phase theory (TPT) for numerical simulation of elastic wave velocity is adopted to investigate the unconsolidated deep-water sedimentary strata in Shenhu area, South China Sea. The relationships between compression wave (P wave) velocity and gas hydrate saturation, free gas saturation, and sediment porosity at site SH2 are studied, r...

Glossary Deep water A surface wave is said to be in deep water if its wavelength is much shorter than the local water depth. Internal wave A internal wave travels within the interior of a fluid. The maximum velocity and maximum amplitude occur within the fluid or at an internal boundary (interface). Internal waves depend on the density-stratification of the fluid. Shallow water A surface wave i...

pore pressure is an important parameter, in exploration and production of hydrocarbon resources. lack of accurate knowledge about pore pressure, before drilling phase, leads to serious dangers in drilling process. accurate knowledge about distribution of pore pressure in a field, leads to reduce risks in drilling, improve well planning and mud weight calculations. during burial, normally pressu...