background the non-revenue water refers to a difference between the volume of water entering the system and billed authorized consumption. objectives the main purpose of this study is to determine the volume of non-revenue water in order to recognize the factors influencing water losses so that the information gathered can used in non-revenue water reduction management. materials and methods ka...

natural ecosystems provide many goods and services for human beings via their multiple functionalities. one of these important functions is the role of natural ecosystems in regulation of hydrologic cycle and increasing the infiltarion and retention of water in soil context and preventing from water runoff which may cause in unfavorable consequences like soil erosion and flooding. quantificatio...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that the design of the water dispensers can influence the water intake in farm animals. Horses and dairy cows seem to prefer to drink from an open surface whereas sheep and pigs apparently prefer water nipples, probably because of the worse water quality in water bowls. The aim of the present study was to examine the preference of dairy goats for water ...

In this article our objective is to obtain steady state characteristics of shunt, series, and separately excited DC motors coupled with a centrifugal water pump supplied through a step-up, step-down, and cuk converter from photovoltaic generator. We assume that there are no storage batteries and, of course, the system must operate on maximum utilization i.e. maximum water must be pumped. It is ...

There is a broad literature addressing the need for improving utilization management in medical care. Numerous review articles and case studies have described approaches to utilization management challenges in the laboratory. This article will present an overview of the literature on laboratory utilization management and will compile a "toolbox" of strategies that can be used to address specifi...

BACKGROUND The burden of illness can be described by addressing both incidence and illness severity attributable to water recreation. Monetized as cost, attributable disease burden estimates can be useful for environmental management decisions. OBJECTIVES We characterize the disease burden attributable to water recreation using data from two cohort studies using a cost of illness (COI) approa...

l. Ten captive Myotis thysanodes ingested an average of 5.05 kcal/ day and egested 0.47 kcal/day with a mean energy utilization of 90.8 per cent. 2. One captive M. lucifugus ingested 4.15 kcaljday and egested 0.37 kcal/day with an energy utilization of 91.2 per cent. 3. M. thysanodes gained an average of 2.77 cm3/day of water and lost an average of 2.86 cma/day. This represents a water turnover...

Abstract Water management is crucial for human life, and precise measurement instruments are necessary to ensure efficient utilization. This study aimed develop a water usage system using ultrasonic flow meters microcontrollers. The results were displayed on screen sent via modbus remote devices. To validate the accuracy of system, comparison between manual was conducted, showing an error value...

BACKGROUND Anaerobic digestate is the effluent from anaerobic digestion of organic wastes. It contains a significant amount of nutrients and lignocellulosic materials, even though anaerobic digestion consumed a large portion of organic matters in the wastes. Utilizing the nutrients and lignocellulosic materials in the digestate is critical to significantly improve efficiency of anaerobic digest...

A green building involves complex system engineering including energy efficiency and energy utilization, water-saving and water utilization, material-saving and material utilization, and land-saving and indoor environment quality and operation management. In order to solve problems of subjectivity, uncertainty and impossibility of quantitative analysis when evaluating green building, this study...