Pulp and paper mills are high power consuming industries. Pulp and integrated mills produce power via steam turbines in recovery boilers. Due to high power prices and the fact that biomass combusted in the recovery boiler is considered as green energy, there is today a desire to always increase the power generation when investing in new recovery boilers. In order to increase power output from t...

Due to the abundant coal reserves in China, coal is expected to be the most important energy resource in the future. The ash deposition/slagging behavior can obviously affect the heat transfer efficiency of heat transfer tubes in boiler, and cause increasing coal consumption. In order to clarify the effect of ash deposition behavior on heat transfer characteristics of the tube in boiler, a pulv...

Recommendations for Boilers up to 250 psig Ca 0.40 2.50 Na. 0.46 2.17 CaO. 0.56 1. 79 NaOH. 0.80 1. 25 Ca(HC031. . 1. 62 0.617 Na 2C03 1. 06 0.943 CaSO. 1. 36 0.735 NaHC03 1. 68 0.60 CaCl2 1.11 0.901 Na 2SO•. 1.42 0.704 Mg . 0.24 4.17 NaCI 1.17 0.855 MgO 0.40 2.48 CO2 , 0.44 2.27 MgC03 • 0.84 1.19 C03 0.60 1. 67 Mg(HC03) 2 ' 1. 46 0.685 HC03 1. 22 0.82 MgSO•. 1. 20 0.833 SO•. 0.96 1.04 MgCl2 0....

Condensing boilers use waste heat from flue gases to pre-heat cold water entering the boiler. Flue gases are condensed into liquid form, thus recovering their latent heat of vaporization, which results in as much as 10%–12% increase in efficiency. Modeling these heat transfer phenomena is crucial to control this equipment. Despite the many approaches to the condensing boiler modeling, the follo...

This paper discusses the application of hybrid model predictive control to control switching between different burner modes in a novel compact marine boiler design. A further purpose of the present work is to point out problems with finite horizon model predictive control applied to systems for which the optimal solution is a limit cycle. Regarding the marine boiler control the aim is to find a...

SPIN is a tool for the simulation and veriication of protocols. PROMELA, its source language, is a formal description technique like SDL and Estelle that is based on communicating state machines. The tool and the language are in the public domain and therefore widely used. The "Steam-Boiler Control Speciication Problem" consists of an informal speciication of a steam boiler system in a nuclear ...