The IXth and the Xth cranial nerves in Anguilla anguilla were transected, and the effects upon ion and water balance were studied in fresh water and sea water, and during transfer from fresh water and vice versa. In fresh water there is a slow demineralization due to an excess loss of Na and Cl ions. During freshwater to seawater transfer the eel survives only for 4-5 days. The fish do not drin...

Basic understanding of the process of coolant heat transfer inside an engine is an indispensable prerequisite to devise an infallible cooling strategy. Coolant flow and its heat transfer affect the cooling efficiency, thermal load of heated components, and thermal efficiency of a diesel engine. An efficient approach to studying cooling system for diesel engine is a 3D computational fluid dynami...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Shutter-speed model analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging allows estimation of mean intracellular water molecule lifetime (a measure of cellular energy metabolism) and volume transfer constant (a measure of hemodynamics). The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic utility of pretreatment mean intracellular water molecule lifetime and volume tra...

The in-flight ice formation and accretion are highly dependent on weather conditions that essentially affect the heat transfer capability. When the temperature is sufficiently cold, the heat transfer is adequate to remove all of the latent heat from the collected water. The rate of rime ice accretion is controlled by the droplet collection efficiency. Otherwise, when the heat transfer is inadeq...

Approximately 15% of overall Australian household water usage is in the laundry; hence, a significant reduction in household drinking water demand could be achieved if potable-quality water used for clothes washing is replaced with recycled water. To investigate the microbiological safety of using recycled water in washing machines, bacteriophages MS-2 and PRD-1, Escherichia coli, and Cryptospo...

In the present research, the laminar forced convective heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics for Al2O3-water nanofluid flowing in different bend (i.e., 180o and 90o) pipes have been investigated numerically in a three-dimensional computational domain using the finite volume technique. The effects of different pertinent parameters, such as the Reynolds number of the duct, volume fraction ...

In order to study the effects of desiccation on a photosynthetic system, light harvesting and light-induced electron transport processes were examined in pea cotyledons at various moisture levels, using in vivo fluorescence excitation spectra and fluorescence induction kinetics. Water sorption isotherms yielded thermodynamic data that suggested very strong water binding between 4 to 11% water, ...

in this paper, the effects of adding nanoparticles including tio2 to a fluid media for purpose of free convection heat transfer improvement were analyzed. the free convection was assumed to be in laminar flow regime and the solutions and calculations were all done by the integral method. water, as a newtonian fluid, was considered the base fluid (water) and all the thermo physical properties of...