This Study seeks to scrutinize whether surplus free cash flow is correlated with earnings management, if auditor size moderates this relationship. To do so, modified Jones discretionary accrual model (1995) and audit firm size are used as audit quality indicator to measure earnings management. The research hypotheses are built upon a sample of 103 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange d...

This paper analyses the growth of employment in China during the post reform period. It argues that the Chinese experience with export-led growth provides an excellent example of the phenomenon of a vent for surplus productive capacity provided by exports, identified by Adam Smith in the Wealth of Nations and elaborated by Hla Myint. The paper extends the Smith-Myint model of ‘vent-for-surplus’...

Assume that the surplus of an insurer follows a jump­diffusion process and the insurer would invest its surplus in a risky asset, whose prices are modelled by a geometric Brow­ nian motion. The resulting surplus for the insurer is called as a jump­diffusion surplus process compounded by the geometric Brownian motion. In this resulting surplus process, ruin may be caused by a claim or by oscilla...

The financial surplus of agriculture has been central to theories of the role of agriculture in economic development. Morrisson and Thorbecke (MT) have used a constant-price social accounting matrix (SAM) framework to rigorously measure the financial surplus of agriculture and decompose the mechanisms of surplus extraction. History and theory have, however, stressed the role of prices as an inv...

This report is an e ort to consolidate two di erent avors of a surplus inventory matching problem encountered in the steel industry: Surplus Un nished Inventory Matching, and Surplus Finished Inventory Matching. This report is compiled from two other reports that describe the heuristic solution approaches developed for a real world application of these problems [1, 2]. The focus here is to moti...

Abstract. An insurance activity model that allows to evaluate the duration of the negative surplus is presented in this paper. Assuming the surplus process as continuing if ruin occurs, we consider how long this process will stay below zero. The compound Poisson continuous time surplus process is used for the model development. Analytical formulas are obtained for estimating the expected value ...

A water reuse system in wetland paddy was simulated to supply water for industrial in this paper. A two-tank model was employed to represent the return flow of the wetland paddy. Historical data were performed for parameter estimation and model verification. With parameters estimated from the data, the model was then used to simulate a reasonable return flow rate from the wetland paddy. The sim...

Theories of rent are wide-ranging. However, whether neoclassical, Marxist, or Proudhonist, they tend to neglect evolutionary institutionalist theorising. Increasingly dominated by the income approach, theories need be expanded, partly correct existing work, break persistent intellectual monopoly and oligopoly, particularly develop institutional rent. In this paper, I attempt do so presenting ev...