Aerobic In clusters ● Coagulase (+): Staphylococcus. aureus ● Coagulase (-):Staphylococcus lugdunensis or other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus In pairs/chains ● Optochin sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae ● Alpha-hemolytic: Viridans group Streptococcus, Enterococcus species ● Beta-hemolytic: ○ Group A Strep (Streptococcus pyogenes) ○ Group B Strep (Streptococcus agalactiae) ○ Group C, D, G ...

We were greatly saddened to hear the news of Professor Fereydoun Malekzadeh's death at age of 79 in September 9, 2012. Professor Malekzadeh was a distinguished and highly respected Iranian Microbiologist and a member of the editorial board of the Iranian Biomedical Journal since October 1997. He was born in 1933 in city of Tabriz in Province of Azarbaijan, Iran. After graduated from high school...

A paradigm shift currently occurs in microbiology, with significant impacts in a variety of environmental, medical and industrial applications. The old misconception of free floating microbes is invalidated by a different knowledge pattern: the great majority of terrestrial microorganisms live in communities associated to surfaces, called biofilms (Costerton et al, 1987; Flemming, 2008; Muntean...

Human activities have released large amounts of toxic organic and inorganic chemicals into the environment. Toxic waste streams threaten dwindling drinking water supplies and impact terrestrial, estuarine and marine ecosystems. Cleanup is technically challenging and the costs based on traditional technologies are exceeding the economic capabilities of even the richest countries. Recent advances...

background: doogh is a popular dairy beverage in iran which its main ingredient is yogurt. the aim of this study was evaluation of bacterial and fungal contamination of this product marketed in lorestan province, west of iran. methods: a total of 200 doogh samples consisted of 150 commercial samples, including five different brands and also 50 homemade samples were purchased randomly from marke...