background: as fluoride concentration in drinking water is one of the effective parameters in human health, finding the ways to remove excess amount of fluoride is very important in water supply projects. this study aimed to evaluate mendon bauxite mine in the removal of fluoride from drinking water. methods: this experimental study was conducted from may to october 2013 on synthetic and actual...

b a ckground:   eco-faunistic  studies  are  inevitable  step  in  environmental  researches.  aquatic  organisms  like caddisflies are known as biological indicators for water quality assessment and water resource management. they have special role for energy flow in the freshwater habitats as food web and food chain among aquatic creatures. methods: in addition to an extensive literature revi...

We propose a setup that integrates a quantum point contact (QPC) and a Josephson junction on a quantum spin Hall sample, experimentally realizable in InAs/GaSb quantum wells. The confinement due to both the QPC and the superconductor results in a Kramers pair of Majorana zero-energy bound states when the superconducting phases in the two arms differ by an odd multiple of π across the Josephson ...

BACKGROUND Swimming in contaminated water was reported to be associated with Acanthamoeba and N. fowleri human infections. The present study was carried out with the aim of isolation and identification of the different species of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria from two swimming pools in Alexandria University. METHODS Samples were collected from the swimming pools of Alexandria University Stadium ...

Lake level variation is an important hydrological indicator of water balance, biodiversity and climate change in drainage basins. This paper illustrates the use of moderate-resolution imaging spectroadiometer (MODIS) data to characterize complex water level variation in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. MODIS data were used in conjunction with in situ topographic data, otherwis...

In the present study, the effect of chemical factors released by conspecifics on growth variability (heterogeneous growth - HetG) in a gregarious fish species (Prochilodus lineatus) was tested. HetG was assessed by the weight variation coefficient in two consecutive 21-day periods. The fish were grouped in tanks (4 fish in each) that received running water with constant draining. The tanks cont...

Liquid water is pushed through flow channels of fuel cells, where one surface is a porous carbon electrode made up of carbon fibers. Water drops grow on the fibrous carbon surface in the gas flow channel. The drops adhere to the superficial fiber surfaces but exhibit little penetration into the voids between the fibers. The fibrous surfaces are hydrophobic, but there is a substantial threshold ...

Water wettability of Si/SiO2 surfaces was controlled by the formation of SAMs terminating in 1-alkyl3-(3-silylpropyl)imidazolium ions and the anion exchange on the surfaces (“direct anion exchange”). The exchange was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the water wettability was measured as a water contact angle by contact angle goniometry. We found that anions played a great role...

Upon water contact, phthalate-plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) surfaces are highly unstable because the plasticizer molecules are not covalently bound to the polymer network. As a result, it is difficult to predict how the surface polymer chains and plasticizers may interact with water without directly probing the plastic/water interface in situ. We successfully studied the molecular surf...

Synchrotron x-ray reflectivity measurements of the interface between water and methyl-terminated octadecylsilane monolayers with stable contact angle >100 degrees conclusively show a depletion layer, whether or not the water is degassed. The thickness is of order one water molecule: 2-4 Angstrom with electron density <40% that of bulk water. Considerations of coherent and incoherent averaging o...