Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Currently, most biodiesel is made from soybean oil, methanol, and an alkaline catalyst. However, there are large amounts of fats and oils that are unsuitable for human consumption that could be converted to biodiesel at lower cost. The problem with processing these waste...

Organic wastes, such as fats, oils, and grease (FOG), are good substrates for biogas production because of their high methane yield potential. FOG are hydrolyzed to glycerol and long-chain fatty acids(LCFA), and the degradation of LCFA takes place through the β-oxidation pathway which has been reported as the rate-limiting step of the whole anaerobic digestion process. This paper reviews the sc...

The wood protective action of citrus wax, a waste from the citrus industry that is a mixture of citrus fruit epicuticular waxes and essential oils, was evaluated against the termite Cryptotermes brevis Walker (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). The antifeedant index (AI) of the total wax and fractions was calculated. The total citrus wax exhibited an AI₅₀ value of 24.69 mg/cm³, the wax after hydrodisti...

The amount of used restaurant oils diverted to biodiesel production in the United States is increasing due to growing consumer interest, the emergence of biodiesel cooperatives, and increased commercial capacity (NBB 2006). Biodiesel, a renewable fuel used as an alternative or additive to conventional diesel, offers several benefits: biodiesel burns cleaner than conventional diesel, it can be p...

erythromycin production is clearly enhanced by the addition of vegetable oils. however,whether this positive effect is brought about by the triglyceride or non-triglyceride fraction, isnot clear. the non-triglyceride portions of the oils accumulate in the waste during the refiningprocess leaving mainly triglycerides in the refined oil. in this research, sub-fractions of soybeanoil, including le...

In this study, low quality oils (waste cooking oils) with high acid value (4.81 mg KOH/g) were utilized as the feedstocks for a transesterification reaction enhanced by additional microwave power and use of an NaOH catalyst. The kinetics under different times temperatures was studied. It found that in microwave-assisted reaction, optimum conditions 600 W follows: catalyst 0.8 wt %, 12:1 molar r...

Biolubricants generated from biomass and other wastes can reduce the carbon footprint of manufacturing processes power generation. In this paper, properties uses biolubricants have been compared thoroughly with conventional mineral-based lubricants. The biolubricants, which are currently based on vegetable oils, discussed in terms their physicochemical thermophysical properties, stability, biod...

due to the high price of virgin vegetable oils and the drawbacks of the homogeneous catalytic transesterification, in this work an economically profitable alternative process was proposed for biodiesel synthesis in which transesterification of the low-cost waste cooking oil (wco) with methanol in a heterogeneous system was done. alumina impregnated with sodium hydroxide was utilized as a solid ...