Background Materials choice has long been recognized as a key factor in realizing the full safety and environmental potential of fusion power. Because the materials are de-coupled from the fusion energy source (the plasma), the long-term neutron-induced activation of components can be tailored by proper selection of materials to avoid generation of waste that would require deep geological dispo...

Site selection of new landfills for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal is a great concern of urban governments around the world as old landfill sites are being filled-up and demand for new sites is increasing. Finding a suitable MSW disposal site of adequate size meeting all the regulations is a costly endeavor. With the advent of geographic information systems (GIS) and its decision support ...

Disposal of metal finishing wastes is one of the most critical industrial waste problems in the United States today. Recent legislation greatly restricts the discharge of most heavy metals to watercourses and future discharge regulations may further restrict their release to the environment. Furthermore, interest in developing possible methods for reclaiming metals from plating waste streams is...

Most livestock and poultry odors are generated by the anaerobic decomposition of livestock wastes such as manure (feces and urine), spilled feed, bedding materials, and wash water. Increased organic loading rates due to expanding animal numbers, slug loading, concentrated waste streams, and/or inadequate amounts of dilution water increase the potential for odor emissions from waste management s...

Waste material from the fishing industry disposed off-shore exceeds 250 billion tons/year, and it is considered hazardous due to its high perishability and polluting effect, both on land and sea. Considering the actual production of chitin, chitosan and oligosaccharides from crustaceons, it is understandable how difficult it is to eliminate all the waste material obtained from food industry, th...

Several low-cost opportunities exist for scrubbing CO2 from waste gas streams, utilizing spontaneous chemical reactions in the presence of water and inexpensive or waste alkaline compounds. These reactions convert CO2 to bicarbonate or carbonate in dissolved or solid form, thus providing CO2 capture and low-risk CO2 storage underground, in the ocean, or in some cases on land. Useful by-products...

The EAHWM was developed to help Army decision makers find and evaluate viable minimization alternatives to current hazardous waste management practices. This tool has been widely accepted throughout the Army and is being assessed by the US. Navy and the Department of Defense General Supply Center. Law and policy makers in the government and private industry can also use the model to compare min...

In the frontier mentality that has evolved over the centuries in America, the abundance of available space has been a reassuring constant. When things get too crowded or too uncomfortable, there is always greener grass to move to, rebuild on and start all over again. This has also been the story of waste disposal in the US: there has been boundless room to grow, with plenty of extra land to dum...

Agricultural Census data is summarised over spatially course reporting units for reasons of farm confidentiality. This is problematic for research at a local level. This paper describes an approach combining dasymetric and volume preserving techniques to create a national land use dataset at 1km resolution. The results for an English county are compared with contemporaneous aggregated habitat d...

Improper solid waste management is causing negative impacts in Pakistan. To investigate the causes Rawalpindi city was selected as a case study. The situation is becoming very complex in the city due to industrialization, urbanization and improved living standards of urban areas, as these things are the cause of drastic increase in the quantity and complexity of generated waste. From this resea...