BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hand warming and face warming, combined with inhalation of heated air, are reported to suppress shivering. However, hand or face temperature contributes only a few percent to control of shivering. Thus, it seems unlikely that manipulating hand or facial skin temperature alone would be sufficient to permit induction of therapeutic hypothermia. We tested the hypothesis that...

Organic nitrogen (N) uptake by plants has been recognized as a significant component of terrestrial N cycle. Several studies indicated that plants have the ability to switch their preference between inorganic and organic forms of N in diverse environments; however, research on plant community response in organic nitrogen uptake to warming and grazing is scarce. Here, we demonstrated that organi...

Climatic warming is expected to particularly alter greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils in cold ecosystems such as tundra. We used 1 m(2) open-top chambers (OTCs) during three growing seasons to examine how warming (+0.8-1.2 °C) affects the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from alpine tundra soils. Results showed that OTC warming increased soil CO2 effl...

[1] Sensitivities of tropospheric winds and stratospheric Brewer‐Dobson Circulation (BDC) to SST warming are explored in an aqua‐planet atmospheric general circulation model. The tropospheric zonal wind change is quite sensitive to the location and sign of the gradient of SST perturbations with respect to the climatological jet. For the experiments with low latitude warming, the Hadley cell is ...

Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) plays an important role in plant nitrogen (N) nutrition and regulates plant responded to climate warming. We conducted a field experiment in a natural forest and a plantation in the eastern Tibetan Plateau to estimate the warming effects of open-top chambers (OTC) on ECM and N nutrition of Picea asperata seedlings. Four-year warming significantly decreased ECM colonization,...

Significant summer warming over the eastern Antarctic Peninsula in the last 50 years has been attributed to a strengthening of the circumpolar westerlies, widely believed to be anthropogenic in origin. On the western side of the peninsula, significant warming has occurred mainly in austral winter and has been attributed to the reduction of sea ice. The authors show that austral fall is the only...

An electromagnetic (EM) heating system is developed to achieve the rapid and uniform warming of cryopreserved biomaterials. Using the heating system, a rectangular resonant cavity is excited in TE101 mode at frequencies near 434 MHz. In experiments, a spherical phantom of biomaterial with a diameter of 36 mm is placed at the center of the cavity. The phantom is first cooled down to about -80 de...

Using 55 years of daily average temperatures from a local weather station, I made a least-absolute-deviations regression model that accounts for three effects: seasonal variations, the 11-year solar cycle, and a linear trend. The solution correctly identifies the period and phase of the solar cycle. It also indicates that temperatures have gone up by about 2 ◦F over the 55 years covered by the ...

Advances in understanding and model representation of plant and ecosystem responses to rising temperature have typically required temperature manipulation of research plots, particularly when considering warming scenarios that exceed current climate envelopes. In remote or logistically challenging locations, passive warming using solar radiation is often the only viable approach for temperature...

The differential warming of land and ocean leads to many continental regions in the Northern Hemisphere warming at rates higher than the global mean temperature. Adaptation and conservation efforts will, therefore, benefit from understanding regional consequences of limiting the global mean temperature increase to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, a limit agreed upon at the United Nat...